Interview with Judge Griffin B. Bell, June 15, 2004
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Federal+government--United+States">Federal government--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=School+integration">School integration</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iran-Contra+Affair%2C+1985-1990">Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Bill Shipp interviews Griffin Bell about his career and his tenure as U.S. Attorney General (1977-1979). Bell comments on the integration of Georgia schools and the University of Georgia, the Kennedy presidential campaign in Georgia, and Martin Luther King's releases from jail in Georgia. Griffin discusses the abolished county unit system and on the E.F. Hutton and Exxon Valdez cases. Bell recalls his time as an attorney supporting the civil rights movement, his relationship with Charlie Block, and the confirmation of Judge Alex Lawrence. He reflects on the estrangement between President Johnson and Richard B. Russell and his own confirmation as attorney general. Bell discusses his time as attorney general under President Carter, attending the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and his support of President George H.W. Bush. Bell also weighs in on the Iran-Contra affair, his role in the Florida Election Controversy, and the Watergate source Deep Throat.<br /><br /><span>Griffin Boyette Bell was born in 1918, in Sumter County, Georgia. After attending Georgia Southwestern College for a time, Bell left to work in his father’s tire store in Americus. He was drafted in 1942, serving in the Army Quartermaster Corps and the Transportation Corps at Fort Lee, Virginia. Upon his discharge in 1946, he enrolled in Mercer University Law School, and became city attorney of Warner Robins before graduating or passing the Georgia bar exam. Following his graduation he worked in Savannah and Rome before joining in 1953 the lawfirm that would become King and Spalding in Atlanta. His interest in politics led to his appointment to chief of staff for Governor Ernest Vandiver and his subsequent involvement with the Sibley Commission, organized to oversee desegregation of Georgia’s public schools. In 1961 President John F. Kennedy appointed Bell to the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, and he spent 14 years on the bench, returning to King and Spalding only to be nominated U.S. Attorney General by Jimmy Carter in 1976. He served in that position from 1977 to 1979, returning to Atlanta to practice law. He led investigations of E.F. Hutton in 1985 and the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, and also served on the Commission of Federal Ethics Law Reform at the request of President George H.W. Bush.<br /><br />Murphy, Reg. Uncommon Sense: The Achievement of Griffin Bell (Atlanta: Longstreet, 1999).</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Griffin+Bell">Griffin Bell</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bill+Shipp">Bill Shipp</a>
2004-06-15
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-002
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Robert A. "Bobby" Rowan, February 9, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=State+governments--Officials+and+employees">State governments--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+campaigns">Political campaigns</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Public+welfare">Public welfare</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Religion+and+politics">Religion and politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<span>Russell Library Director Sheryl Vogt interviews Bobby Rowan about his tenure in the Georgia Senate (1963-1974) and as a Public Service Commissioner (1989-1994). Rowan discusses his early life, including schooling, family, church attendance, and conversations at home about the Bible and politics. He recalls his early involvement with the 4-H Club, public speaking, and the Demosthenian Literary Society at the University of Georgia. He reflects on his work as Public Service Commissioner, State Senator, and his service in the Army and National Guard. He also comments on food stamps, including nutritional programs for pregnant women and the Child and Infant Healthcare Act. Rowan reflects on his multiple political campaigns, his political relationships, and his upcoming gubernatorial race. Other topics discussed include women in the General Assembly, his battle with cancer, and PeachCare.<br /><br />Robert A. "Bobby" Rowan was born in Enigma, Georgia, in 1935. He attended the University of Georgia, studied agriculture, and was elected campus leader. Upon graduation, he enlisted in the U.S. Army, and then returned home to work as a schoolteacher and farmer. In 1962, Rowan ran a successful campaign for the Georgia Senate. He was the youngest senator at the time. He served as secretary of the Rules Committee. He was also a key figure in sponsoring the Mental Health Bill of Rights and the Special Education Act. In 1974, he made an unsuccessful bid for governor. Rowan was appointed by Governor George Busbee to the Board of Human Resources, where he served for eight years, and then to the Children’s Youth Commission by Governor Joe Frank Harris. In 1989, he ran successfully for public service commissioner, and retired in 1994.<br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Robert+A.+Rowan">Robert A. Rowan</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sheryl+Vogt">Sheryl Vogt</a>
2005-02-09
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-003
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Anthony A. Alaimo, March 4, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945">World War, 1939-1945</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Prisoners+of+war">Prisoners of war</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States.+Army.+Air+Corps">United States. Army. Air Corps</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Judges--United+States">Judges--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Charles Campbell interviews Anthony Alaimo about his experiences as a prisoner of war in Germany during World War II, his time as an attorney in Atlanta, and his tenure as a judge in the U.S. District Court (Southern District of Georgia). Judge Anthony Alaimo discusses his early life and education. He comments on his perception of and involvement with World War II, his enlistment and training in the Army Air Corps, and the crash which led to his time as a POW. Regarding his time as a POW, Alaimo discusses his experiences during captivity and his multiple escape attempts. He discusses his role in the film "Great Escape" and his subsequent education at the Emory Unviersity School of Law. Alaimo reflects on serving as an attorney in both Atlanta and Brunswick and as a judge. He comments on the Georgia prison system and the Guthrie V. Evans case and the significant changes he made as a federal judge.<br /><br /><span>Anthony A. Alaimo was born in 1920 in Sicily, and grew up in Jamestown, New York. After graduating from Ohio Northern University, Alaimo joined the Army Air Corps and became a fighter pilot in World War II. He was shot down over Holland and imprisoned by the Germans in the camp later made famous by the film The Great Escape. Following the war he attended Emory University Law School, subsequently practicing law in Atlanta and Brunswick. In 1971, he was appointed U.S. District Court Judge, Southern District of Georgia, and in 1972 presided over the Guthrie v. Evans prison reform case. In 1976, he was made Chief Judge of the District, a post he held until 1990.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Anthony+A.+Alaimo">Anthony A. Alaimo</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Charles+Campbell">Charles Campbell</a>
2005-03-04
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-004
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Sandy Creek Park Oral Histories: Interview with Donald Stewart, July 20, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Soil+conservation">Soil conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Georgia">Parks--Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Flood+control">Flood control</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
Donald Stewart discusses his education, his work with the Soil Conservation Service and the idea for Sandy Creek Park. He comments on watershed programs in Athens including dams and flood control. Stewart also discusses Athens-Clarke County's involvement in the Sandy Creek project.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Donald+Stewart">Donald Stewart</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sarah+Duncan">Sarah Duncan</a>
2005-07-20
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-005-01
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Sandy Creek Park Oral Histories: George Chandler, July 21, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Georgia">Parks--Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Natural+areas">Natural areas</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Conservation">Conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
George Chandler discusses his early life and career and how he became involved and Sandy Creek Park. He discusses the phases the park has gone through, from original planning to landscaping and natural area conservation. He comments on budgeting, flooding, funding, and equipment. Chandler discusses his priorities for the park and his work since completing the park project.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=George+Chandler">George Chandler</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sarah+Duncan">Sarah Duncan</a>
2005-07-21
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-005-02
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Sandy Creek Park Oral Histories: Nancy Smith, July 13, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Georgia">Parks--Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Maintenance">Parks--Maintenance</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Spillways">Spillways</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
Nancy Smith discusses her experience as director of Sandy Creek Park. She weighs in on recreational parks versus resource-based parks, and reflects on Sandy Creek Park's spillway and maintenance. She also comments on issues regarding the park such as SPLOST, advertising, and the unification of Athens-Clarke County.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nancy+Smith">Nancy Smith</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sarah+Duncan">Sarah Duncan</a>
2005-07-13
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-005-03
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Sandy Creek Park Oral Histories: Rick Kelly, July 24, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Georgia">Parks--Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Maintenance">Parks--Maintenance</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Wildlife+conservation">Wildlife conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
Rick Kelly discusses Sandy Creek Park’s role in the Athens community, its budget and maintenance, and many aspects of the lake including security, lifeguards, and concern for patron safety. He comments on the merger of the city and county governments into Athens-Clarke County, the changes to the park since its opening, and issues of beach erosion and wildlife conservation.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Rick+Kelly">Rick Kelly</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sarah+Duncan">Sarah Duncan</a>
2005-07-24
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-005-04
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Sandy Creek Park Oral Histories: Rick Main, July 25, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Georgia">Parks--Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Soil+conservation">Soil conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Convict+labor">Convict labor</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Flood+control">Flood control</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Wildlife+conservation">Wildlife conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
Rick Main discusses his previous work for the U.S. Forest Service and the Soil Conservation Service. He reflects on the budgeting and construction of Sandy Creek Park and discusses using inmate labor in the construction of the park. Main comments on flood control, erosion, and wildlife management in Georgia.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Rick+Main">Rick Main</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sarah+Duncan">Sarah Duncan</a>
2005-07-25
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-005-05
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Sandy Creek Park Oral Histories: Robert Farmer, August 2, 2005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Georgia">Parks--Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Soil+conservation">Soil conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Wildlife+conservation">Wildlife conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Flood+control">Flood control</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
Robert Farmer discusses his work with the Soil Conservation Service, priorities for the design of Sandy Creek Park, and the importance of setting, maintenance, and meeting citizens' desired uses for a park. He comments on the involvement of county commissioners and difficulties with wildlife management and the dam.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Robert+Farmer">Robert Farmer</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sarah+Duncan">Sarah Duncan</a>
2005-08-02
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-005-06
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Margaret Bennett, January 30, 2006
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Foreign+service">Foreign service</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Diplomatic+and+consular+service">Diplomatic and consular service</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Foreign+relations">Foreign relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
UGA Political Science Professor Dr. Ieda Siqueira Wiarda interviews Margaret Bennett about her life in the diplomatic corps and as the wife of Foreign Service Officer and U. S. Ambassador William Tapley Bennett, Jr. Bennett discusses her experiences coming to America, growing up as the daughter of Foreign Service workers, and becoming an ambassador's wife. She reflects on meeting famous people such as Queen Elizabeth and Prince Phillip. Bennett recalls living in Greece, Lisbon, Austria, Australia, Italy, the Dominican Republic, Turkey, Mozambique, Angola, Portugal, Spain, the United States, and Panama. Bennett also discusses her husband's work with the United Nations, the University of Georgia, as well as their time at NATO.<br /><br /><span>Margaret R. White Bennett was born in New York City in 1922 to parents who were in the diplomatic corps. Moving with her parents, Bennett lived in Caracas, Prague, Riga, Washington D.C., Buenos Aires, and Berlin. In 1945, she married William Tapley Bennett, Jr., who would become the longest serving member of the American Foreign Service in a career culminating with his post as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Security Council in 1972 and U.S. Ambassador to NATO in 1978. With her husband, Margaret Bennett represented the diplomatic face of the United States in Vienna, Athens, Santo Domingo, and Portugal. Mrs. Bennett lives in Washington, D.C.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Margaret+R.+Bennett">Margaret R. Bennett</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ieda+Siquiera+Wierda">Ieda Siquiera Wierda</a>
2006-01-30
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-006
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Pete Wheeler, June 14, 2006
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945">World War, 1939-1945</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Veterans--Services+for--United+States">Veterans--Services for--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Veterans">United States--Veterans</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<span>A Conversation with Pete Wheeler is a discussion, with Dr. William Stueck and Dr. James Cobb, of Wheeler's long career as Georgia's Commissioner of Veterans Services. Wheeler discusses his early life, attending Emory at Oxford and the University of Georgia, and his work with the Office of Price Administration after getting out of the service after World War II. Wheeler discusses the importance of the Department of Veterans Services and explains the duties of the Commissioner of Veteran Affairs. He mentions a specific project he undertook to identify all the Veterans in the former state mental hospital, Central State Hospital, in Milledgeville and to provide the services these veterans are entitled to. Wheeler also discusses his work with veterans from other wars such as the Spanish-American War and the widows of soldiers who had fought in the American Civil War. He explains his wife's experience during World War II and the employment of the rest of his family during the war. Wheeler recalls the desegregation of the veteran's home in Milledgeville and the importance of the Veteran's Administration. Wheeler also comments on his relationships with Senator Russell, Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Zell Miller, and Joe Frank Harris.<br /><br />Peter Wheeler was born in Crawford, Georgia on October 19, 1922. He attended the University of Georgia, where he majored in education, and was called to active duty in the army upon his graduation in 1943. He was discharged from the army in 1946, and attended the John Marshall Law School in Atlanta at night, while working for the Federal Office of Price Administration. In 1949 he was named Commissioner of Veterans Services in the Herman Talmadge administration, an office he has held for 14 terms under eleven governors. Mr. Wheeler was president of the National Association of State Directors of Veterans Affairs in 1964 to 1965, has served on the National Veterans Day Committee, and was Chairman of the National World War II Memorial Advisory Board from 1994 to 2004.<br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Pete+Wheeler">Pete Wheeler</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=William+Stueck">William Stueck</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=James+Cobb">James Cobb</a>
2006-06-14
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-007
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Tom Watson Brown, August 8, 2006
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Third+parties+%28United+States+politics%29">Third parties (United States politics)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Transportation">Transportation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Southern+States--History">Southern States--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
William R. "Bill" Shipp interviews Tom Watson Brown. Topics include Tom Watson (Brown's great-grandfather and national Populist leader), the Leo Frank case, Walter J. Brown, James F. Byrnes, Strom Thurmond, MARTA, the Watson-Brown Foundation, and the T.R.R. Cobb House. Brown discusses his family and southern populism, the start of World War II, and his early life. He recalls Strom Thurmond's 1954 Senatorial Campaign in South Carolina, his service in the military, and his experience at Princeton and Harvard Law School. Brown also discusses his involvement in MARTA, the murder of Mary Phagan, and the rehabilitation of the T.R.R. Cobb House. He discusses his interest in the Civil War, including the preservation of Civil War battlefields and books on Southern history. Brown comments on the effect of technology and the internet on scholarship and literacy, his investment in the Atlanta Falcons, and his political contributions.<br /><br /><span>Thomas Watson Brown, the great grandson of Tom Watson, grandson of J. J. Brown, and son of Walter J. Brown, was born in 1933, in Washington D.C. Following his graduation from Princeton University in 1954, Mr. Brown worked on Strom Thurmond’s successful U.S. Senate campaign. He then entered the Army, working for the Counter Intelligence Corps, and was discharged in 1956. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1959 and came to Atlanta, working for Charles Weltner’s law firm. He served as Chairman of the Board of the Atlanta Transit Company (later MARTA), sat on the Board of Directors of the Atlanta Legal Aid Society for twenty-five years (winning the Martin Luther King Award for Social Justice), was a board member and attorney for Spartan Communications (founded by Walter J. Brown), and served as President and Chairman of the Watson-Brown Foundation. He died January 13, 2007.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tom+Watson+Brown">Tom Watson Brown</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bill+Shipp">Bill Shipp</a>
2006-08-08
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-008
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Carl Sanders, August, 17, 2004
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=State+governments--Officials+and+employees">State governments--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Depressions--1929">Depressions--1929</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945">World War, 1939-1945</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States.+Army.+Air+Corps">United States. Army. Air Corps</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=School+integration">School integration</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
George Justice interviews Carl E. Sanders about his activities as a Georgia state senator, governor, and business leader. Sanders discusses his early life, his involvement with the YMCA, and the state of youth during the Great Depression. He recalls serving in the ROTC, Army Air Corps, and World War II. Sanders comments on his time in law school at the University of Georgia and his competitive spirit. He reflects on his campaigns the general assembly and for governor. Sanders recalls the integration of the University of Georgia, the establishment of Augusta College (later Georgia Regents University), and the effect of World War II on young politicians. He discusses his relationships with John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard B. Russell. Sanders discusses his political legacy, Georgia's progress, and the effect of press on the office of governor.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Carl+Sanders">Carl Sanders</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=George+Justice">George Justice</a>
2004-08-17
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-009
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Kil Townsend, November 17, 2006
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=State+governments--Officials+and+employees">State governments--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+campaigns">Political campaigns</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Public+policy">Public policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<span>Richard B. Russell Library Director Sheryl Vogt interviews Kil Townsend about his life as a lawyer, businessman, author, and maverick Republican legislator in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1965 to 1992. Townsend discusses his early work developing the Republican Party in Georgia and supporting Repblican candidates such as Eisenhower and Bo Callaway. Townsend also discusses the careers of Dick Freeman and Rodney Cook and his initial run for the newly created Buckhead seat in the State House. He explains how his support of seating Julian Bond invited racially-focused criticism from early Georgia Republicans. Townsend reflects on his legislative fights regarding pensions, abortion, infrastructure, and teachers. He discusses the large number of counties in Georgia, how the county unit system influenced that number, and efforts to consolidate counties in Georgia. Townsend comments on being reelected, campaign contributions, and mobile home manufacturing. Townsend reflects on current affairs issues such as the wars in the Middle East, party politics in America, and international trade.<br /><br />Kiliaen Van Rensselaer Townsend was born in Garden City, Long Island, New York, in 1918. A graduate of Williams College and the University of Virginia Law School, he served in the Counter Intelligence Corps, and after World War II settled in Atlanta. He became a member of the Georgia Bar and was an associate at Dorsey and Dorsey. In the early 1950s his Dixie Radiant Glass Heat corporation introduced electric heat in homes and hotels in the Atlanta area, and his Atlanta Motor Lodges corporation was, in the early 1960s, Atlanta’s biggest hotel motel chain. Townsend had been active in Republican party politics in Georgia since the party reactivated in the state in 1947, and organized the first Eisenhower for President Committee in the country, with the help of Bobby Jones. He continued to be active in the campaigns of outsider Republican/conservative presidential candidates for the rest of his life, including Nelson Rockefeller, George Romney, Ross Perot, Steve Forbes, and John McCain. In 1965 he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives, becoming one of the first Republicans in the House since Reconstruction. Often seen as a maverick, he advocated for the reform of Pardons and Paroles, the homeless, and the consolidation of Georgia’s 159 counties. In 1992 Townsend retired as the longest-serving Republican in the legislature. He became an educational consultant, authoring two books, The Boarding School Guide and The College Comparison Guide. Kil Townsend died in 2008 at the age of 89.<br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kil+Townsend">Kil Townsend</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sheryl+Vogt">Sheryl Vogt</a>
2006-11-17
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-010
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Charles Campbell, May 5, 2009
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Federal+government--United+States">Federal government--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Richard B. Russell's niece Sally Russell Warrington interviews Charles Campbell about his work for Senator Richard B. Russell and Russell’s activities from 1965 to 1971. Campbell discusses growing up in Jackson, Georgia, and attending the University of Georgia. He recalls joining Senator Russell's Washington, D.C. staff in 1965. Campbell recalls working his way from legislative assistant to executive secretary and subsequently administrative assistant. He discusses the nature of Senator Russell's relationship with his staff. Campbell comments on Russell's attitude toward Georgia and his perception of the Civil Rights Movement, sit-ins, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Campbell reflects on Senator Russell's reputation and work on Congressional issues other than civil rights, including his work with agriculture policy, national defense, education, rural electrification, and the space program. He discusses Russell's mentorship of younger senators. Campbell discusses Senator Russell's relationship with Lyndon Johnson and the media. Campbell comments on his work as the Chairman of the Russell Foundation and the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies. He discusses Russell's eulogies and funeral.<br /><br /><span>Charles E. Campbell was born in 1942. Graduating with a degree in political science from the University of Georgia in 1964, he had begun work on a master’s degree when he was asked to introduce Senator Richard B. Russell at a Blue Key banquet in October 1964. Impressed, Russell hired Campbell, who went to work for Russell in December of 1965 as a legislative assistant. Campbell became Russell’s executive secretary and then his administrative assistant (chief of staff), staying with the Senator until Russell’s death in 1971. During this time he earned his law degree, and, following his tenure in Washington, he went to practice law with Heyman and Sizemore. In 1974 and 1980 Campbell helped manage Herman Talmadge’s senate campaigns. Campbell retired from the firm of McKenna Long and Aldridge in 2009, as a top-ranked bankruptcy/restructuring attorney. In 2009, he retired as chairman of the Russell Foundation, a position he held for seventeen years.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Charles+Campbell">Charles Campbell</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sally+Russell+Warrington">Sally Russell Warrington</a>
2009-05-05
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-011
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Lorena Weeks, November 9, 2009
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discrimination">Discrimination</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discrimination+in+employment--Law+and+legislation--United+States--Cases">Discrimination in employment--Law and legislation--United States--Cases</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women%27s+rights">Women's rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gender">Gender</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
<span>UGA History Professor Dr. Kathleen Clark interviews Lorena Weeks about her life and her discrimination case against Southern Bell in the 1960s. Lorena Weeks recalls how she started working at Southern Bell Telephone Company. She discusses her early life working several jobs to provide for her family. Weeks reflects on her decision to apply for a switchman job after President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law. She discusses her reaction upon being denied on the basis of being a woman. Weeks comments on her attempt to get union backing and subsequent decision to sue. Weeks recalls appealing the decision with Sylvia Roberts after losing her suit in district court. She recalls Sylvia Roberts' personality and attitude toward the case. Weeks discusses the effect of the lawsuit on her family. She recalls testifying in Washington, D.C. to the FCC. Weeks discusses the circumstances surrounding her childhood and the early death of her parents.<br /><br />Lorena Weeks was born in 1929 in Columbia, South Carolina. Shortly afterward her family moved to Augusta, Georgia, and, when Lorena was nine, to Louisville, Georgia, where her father was killed in a sawmill accident. Lorena’s mother died nine years later, leaving Lorena to care for her younger siblings. In 1947 she went to work for Southern Bell Telephone Company as an operator. In 1965, following passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Weeks sued the company after being barred from employment as a switchman (a higher paying job) on the basis of her sex. Although she initially lost the case, she appealed, and with the help of National Organization of Women (NOW) attorney Sylvia Roberts, had her case heard in front of Griffin Bell in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. In 1969 Weeks won her case and went to work at Southern Bell as a switchman, retiring in 1983.<br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lorena+Weeks">Lorena Weeks</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kathleen+Clark">Kathleen Clark</a>
2009-11-09
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-012
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with John Ehrlichman and J. Stanley Pottinger, May 29, 1986
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Student+movements">Student movements</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Public+policy">Public policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Chief Domestic Advisor in 1971. In 1975 Ehrlichman was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury for his role in the Watergate Scandal. J. Stanley Pottinger served as Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights in the United States Department of Justice from 1973-1977 and is considered one of the first people who knew that Deep Throat was Mark Felt. William Stueck interviews John Ehrlichman and J. Stanley Pottinger about the Nixon Administration's approach to Civil Rights. Other panelists include Professor Robert Cohen, Professor [Jonathan Houghton?], and graduate student Chris [Schutz?], all of the History Department. Part 1: John Ehrlichman recalls the process of nominating a successor for Justice Abe Fortas of the Supreme Court. He discusses the failed nominations of Clement Haynesworth and G. Harold Carswell. Ehrlichman comments on the role of Leon Panetta in the Office for Civil Rights and Nixon's compliance with desegregation. J. Stanley Pottinger additionally reflects on the effect of Hubert Humphry's unsuccessful presidential campaign on the enforcement of school desegregation. Part 2: Panelists discuss outside criticisms of Nixon's Civil Rights activism, bussing and the Kent State Shooting. They comment on the controversy of the Scranton Commission and the Nixon Administration's reaction to the shooting. Part 3: Panelists comment on a plan to consolidate all intelligence agencies to prevent domestic terrorism. They comment on the increased wiretapping and efforts to find people planning to hurt Americans. Panelists take questions from the audience regarding public opinion polls, Judge Rehnquist, and the identity of Deep Throat.<br /><br /><span>Chief Domestic Advisor in 1971. In 1975 Ehrlichman was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury for his role in the Watergate Scandal.</span><br /><br /><span>J. Stanley Pottinger served as Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights in the United States Department of Justice from 1973-1977 and is considered one of the first people who knew that Deep Throat was Mark Felt.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=John+Ehrlichman">John Ehrlichman</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=J.+Stanley+Pottinger">J. Stanley Pottinger</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Robert+Cohen">Robert Cohen</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jonathan+Houghton">Jonathan Houghton</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chris+Schutz">Chris Schutz</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=William+Stueck">William Stueck</a>
1986-05-29
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Gussie Davis Phillips, October 26, 2011
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Education">Education</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=School+integration">School integration</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discrimination">Discrimination</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Student+movements">Student movements</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+women">African American women</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Gussie Davis Phillips is interviewed by her niece, Mattie Davis Hubbard about her involvement with civil rights and community activism. Phillips discusses her brothers' involvement in the World War II effort. She recalls her brothers' fight for community needs in Ocilla, GA such as a school, improvement of living conditions, and other governmental help. Phillips discusses her brothers' efforts to teach masonry and carpentry to locals and explains the importance of these skills to the community. Phillips recalls her efforts in writing to the Department of Education to secure help for the community. She discusses the loan obtained which successfully built a new school and the continued efforts to persuade the Department of Education to build more schools. Phillips recalls the 1965 integration of schools and the involvement of SNCC. She discusses discrimination in other areas such as funeral homes and construction. Phillips recalls threats of lynching and the indifference shown by police. She mentions Koinonia Farm, CB King, and building houses near Americus. Phililps comments on "separate but equal" and Pleasant Grove First Baptist Church.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gussie+Davis+Phillips">Gussie Davis Phillips</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mattie+Davis+Hubbard">Mattie Davis Hubbard</a>
2011-10-26
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Martha Zoller, December 17, 2012
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Press+and+politics">Press and politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gender">Gender</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+culture">Politics and culture</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Zoller discusses her childhood in Columbus, Georgia. She recalls the desegregation of Columbus High School. Zoller reflects on attending the University of Georgia and subsequently working for Rich's (an Atlanta-based department store that later merged with Macy's). She discusses the beginning of her radio show in 1996, the Martha Zoller Show, and the role of politics in the media. Zoller discusses the 2012 presidential election, her own congressional race, and her stance on gay marriage and abortion. She reflects on women in politics and her experience running in a race against the "good ol' boy network." Zoller explains which counties make up the 9th district and why the district is conservative. She comments on campaign spending reform, abortion, and the role of the Hispanic vote in Georgia. Zoller discusses her book Indivisible, the Republican Party's approach to women, and Medicare cuts.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Martha+Zoller">Martha Zoller</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bill+Shipp">Bill Shipp</a>
2012-12-17
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-017-01
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Martha Zoller, January 10, 2013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=School+integration">School integration</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Radio+talk+shows">Radio talk shows</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gender">Gender</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Martha Zoller discusses her early life, including her father's life and family history. She discusses her mother's opinion of integration, her family's attitude toward African Americans, and a walkout staged by the black students of Columbia High School. Zoller recalls blockbusting efforts in DeKalb county. Zoller recalls attending the University of Georgia and experiencing the campaign of the "Unknown candidate" for student government. She discusses her work with the Dukakis campaign and the 1988 Democratic National Convention. Zoller comments on her transition to being a conservative, her opinion on abortion, and her self-described feminism. Zoller explains how she became involved with talk radio, recalls several instances of being threatened, and reflects on the Atlanta AM radio market. She discusses her work with the Georgia Gang and other media opportunities. Zoller recalls working with Dick Williams and Bill Shipp and discusses how internet and satellite radio has influenced the industry. Zoller discusses her congressional run and endorsements by Sarah Palin, Rick Santorum, Georgia Right to Life, and Citizens United. She reflects on her fundraising efforts and the role of women in politics. Zoller comments on the persistence of Karen Handel, Cathy Cox, and Linda Schrenko. She discusses the role of the Tea Party in Georgia.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Martha+Zoller">Martha Zoller</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Callie+Holmes">Callie Holmes</a>
2013-01-10
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-017-02
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Robert Coram, March 4, 2013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Journalism">Journalism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Authors+and+publishers">Authors and publishers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Drug+control">Drug control</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+campaigns">Political campaigns</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Bill Shipp interviews journalist and writer Robert Coram. Robert Coram recalls working on Cumberland Island first as a caretaker and then a park ranger. He comments on the preservation of Georgia's barrier islands and shark fishing. Coram discusses his involvement with covering the war on drugs, including the development of the drug trafficking industry, the ineffectiveness of the war on drugs, the potential legalization of drugs, and Coram's novels regarding drugs. Coram discusses his biographies of military figures including Bud Day and Col. Scott "Flying Tiger". He recalls serving as press secretary for Carl Sanders' 1970 reelection campaign. Coram comments on desegregation, Carter's campaign, the Atlanta Hawks' champagne photo, and Larry Lloyd. Coram reflects on Georgia's shift from being an overwhelmingly Democratic to an overwhelmingly Republican state, Carter's presidential administration, and his current work. Coram comments on the political management of the Georgia barrier islands, including topics of mass tourism, littering, Camden County's request for a bridge, and the undeveloped islands serving as a monument to robber barons. He expands on his knowledge of drug culture, the Turks and Caicos, and his Esquire magazine article. Coram discusses his experience with "cowboy journalism" and his experience as an advocate versus as a reporter.<br /><br /><span>Robert Coram was twice nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for his work as a reporter for the </span><i>Atlanta Journal-Constitution</i><span>. He is the author of seven novels and four nonfiction books, including </span><i>American Patriot: The Life and Wars of Colonel Bud Day</i><span> and </span><i>Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War</i><span>. He lives in Atlanta.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Robert+Coram">Robert Coram</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bill+Shipp">Bill Shipp</a>
2013-03-04
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Robert Bielen, October 14, 2013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dominican+Republic--History--Revolution%2C+1965">Dominican Republic--History--Revolution, 1965</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Intervention+%28International+law%29">Intervention (International law)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Physicians">Physicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Foreign+relations">Foreign relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Dr. Robert Bielen, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania medical school, joined the Peace Corps in order to fulfil his military obligations. He was in the Dominican Republic in the 1960s at the time where the country was facing political unrest. His interview offers insight to international relations at the time and US military intervention. He also talks about his relationship to the U.S. Embassy, the political climate prior to the Revolution, and the local people’s perception regarding the coup d’etat.<br /><br /><span>Dr. Robert Bielen was born in Garfield, New Jersey. He attended the University of Pennsylvania for undergrad and med school. Bielen joined the Peace Corps as a physician in order to satisfy his military obligation. He served in the Dominican Republic during the famous military coup d’etat. After the Peace Corps, Dr. Bielen worked as an Orthopedic Surgeon in California for over 50 years.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Robert+Bielen">Robert Bielen</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Howard+Wiarda">Howard Wiarda</a>
2013-10-14
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-020
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dominican+Republic">Dominican Republic</a>
Interview with Peter Conlon, Alex Cooley, and Tom Beard, April 10, 2013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Musicians">Musicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Rock+music">Rock music</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Music+festivals">Music festivals</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Concert+agents">Concert agents</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bands+%28Music%29">Bands (Music)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Campaign+funds">Campaign funds</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+culture">Politics and culture</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Music">Georgia--Music</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Music promoters, Alex Cooley and Peter Conlon, along with Presidential aid, Tom Beard, talk about the development of the music scene in Atlanta. Cooley and Conlon talk about the several concerts and festivals they arranged over the years. And the three of them talk about how Jimmy Carter’s presidential campaign produced rock concerts in order to raise money. They discuss the relationship between race, music, and politics in the South, and they talk about the difficulty of financing a music event.<br /><br /><br /><span>Peter Conlon was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. His father moved his family to Tucker, Georgia when he was very young. Conlon first fell in love with rock and roll when he bought his first album, Meet the Beatles. While he attended the University of Georgia, Conlon started booking live shows for the student concert committee and the Interfraternity Council. He learned how to get high profile artists to come to Athens. Also Conlon worked on Jimmy Carter’s Presidential campaign while he was in law school. Conlon is now known as one of Atlanta’s most powerful concert promoters. He books concerts in Atlanta’s largest and acclaimed music venues. His most famous legacy is Music Midtown which he founded with Alex Cooley.</span><br /><br /><span>Alex Cooley is a native of Atlanta, Ga, and he attended Georgia state and the University of Georgia. He is able to assess the cultural importance of music, and he helped shape Atlanta’s music landscape. Cooley has organized several music festivals all over the Deep South in order to introduce rock and roll and countercultural values to the south. His influence saved The Fox Theatre, and he turned the Tabernacle and the Roxy into music landmarks in the Atlanta area. In 1987, Cooley was inducted into the Georgia Music hall of Fame. He is also one of the founders of Music Midtown. Cooley is known as one of the best music promoters in Atlanta.Tom Beard is a graduate of the University of Georgia. He worked on Jimmy Carter’s presidential campaign, and he served in the White House as Deputy Assistant to the President. Beard is a distinguished managing director and financial planner. Beard currently serves on the board of directors of AHL Services.</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peter+Conlon">Peter Conlon</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alex+Cooley">Alex Cooley</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tom+Beard">Tom Beard</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=David+Barbe">David Barbe</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Christian+Lopez">Christian Lopez</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Callie+Holmes">Callie Holmes</a>
2013-04-10
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-023
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Atlanta%2C+Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>
Interview with Hugh Peterson, Jr., March 27, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Families">Families</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lawyers">Lawyers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Hugh Peterson Jr was born in Washington, DC to Congressman Hugh Peterson, Sr. and Patience Elizabeth Russell Peterson. Peterson spent half of his childhood in Ailey, Ga and Washington, DC. After going to Yale University and Harvard Law School, Peterson served as an officer in the Judge Advocate General’s Corps of the US Army. Peterson then joined the law firm of King and Spalding in Atlanta. He retired from the firm in 1992, and he is now the Chairman of the Board in the VNS Corporation.Peterson talks about his father’s career, his family, and his own career.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Hugh+Peterson%2C+Jr.">Hugh Peterson, Jr.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sheryl+Vogt">Sheryl Vogt</a>
2014-05-27
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-024
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Mack Mattingly, April 28, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mack+Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Woodie+Woodward">Woodie Woodward</a>
2015-04-28
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-025-01
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Mack Mattingly, April 29, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mack+Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=T.+Rogers+Wade">T. Rogers Wade</a>
2015-04-29
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-025-02
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Mack Mattingly and Johnny Isakson, September 25, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mack+Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Johnny+Isakson">Johnny Isakson</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sheryl+Vogt">Sheryl Vogt</a>
2015-09-25
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-025-03
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Mack Mattingly, June 15, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mack+Mattingly">Mack Mattingly</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sheryl+Vogt">Sheryl Vogt</a>
2016-06-15
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-025-04
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Gene Habiger, April 29, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cold+War">Cold War</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Foreign+relations">Foreign relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Armed+Forces">United States--Armed Forces</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nuclear+warfare">Nuclear warfare</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<span>General Eugene “Gene” Habiger was born in California in 1939. He attended the University of California before enlisting in the Army. He then returned to school and graduated from the University of Georgia. In 1996 he became the Commander and Chief for the United States Strategic Command, and he remained in that position until he retired in 1998. After his retirement from the military, he became the Security Czar at the Department of Energy, and is involved in several organizations including the Nuclear Threat Initiative. In this interview he talks about nuclear weapons, his career in the US Air Force, and his involvement in US-Russia relations after the end of the Cold War. Habiger also discusses his contribution to the University of Georgia’s Department of Student Affairs.<br /><br />General Eugene “Gene” Habiger was born in California in 1939. He attended the University of California for two years before joining the Army. He then returned to school and received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Georgia. Habiger then joined the Air Force because of his desire to fly. After finishing Officer Training School, he graduated as a Second Lieutenant. Habiger held a variety of staff and flying assignments. He had more than 5,000 flying hours and participated in 150 combat missions during the Vietnam War. Habiger rose through the ranks in the Air Force and became a four-star general who served as the Commander in Chief for the United States Strategic Command from 1996 to 1998. After his retirement from the military, he served as the Director of Security and Emergency Operations in the US Department of Energy from 1999 to 2001. Habiger became a distinguished fellow and policy advisor at the Center for International Trade and Security at the University of Georgia.<br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gene+Habiger">Gene Habiger</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gary+Bertsch">Gary Bertsch</a>
2016-04-29
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-027
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Frank Barron, July 7, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Economic+development">Economic development</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Transportation">Transportation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Agriculture+and+Industry">Agriculture and Industry</a>
Frank Barron was born in Rome, Georgia and graduated from Darlington School in 1948. Barron worked at Coca Cola 1956 before retiring from his executive position. Barron supervised many projects throughout his career and in this interview, he talks about the construction of interstate I-75.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Frank+Barron">Frank Barron</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ashton+Ellett">Ashton Ellett</a>
2016-07-07
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-030
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Senator Russell Staff Oral History, October 6, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Former Administrative Assistant Charles Campbell, former Press Secretary Powell Moore, former Press Secretary Earl Leonard, and former aid Norman Underwood discuss their experiences working with Senator Russell in his Washington office.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Charles+Campbell">Charles Campbell</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Powell+Moore">Powell Moore</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Earl+Leonard">Earl Leonard</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Normal+Underwood">Normal Underwood</a>
2016-10-06
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-031
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Tom Johnson, November 14, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Journalism">Journalism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Press+and+politics">Press and politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Tom Johnson, from Macon, Ga, earned an MBA from Harvard University and worked in politics alongside Lyndon B. Johnson before working in professional journalism. In this interview, Johnson details his experience of the White House Fellowship Program, the relationship between Richard B. Russell and Lyndon B. Johnson, and his transition back into journalism. He details the work he did for the Dallas Times Herald, LA Times, and CNN, including covering the invasion of Kuwait and the 2016 Presidential Election.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tom+Johnson">Tom Johnson</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Powell+Moore">Powell Moore</a>
2016-11-14
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-032
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Bill Talmadge, August 17, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lobbying">Lobbying</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+campaigns">Political campaigns</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Bill Talmadge was born in 1941 in New York City. He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a bachelor’s degree in political science. He attended law school at the University of Georgia before clerking for State Supreme Court Justice Bond Almand. He then worked on Senator Herman Talmadge’s legislative staff before becoming a lobbyist for Coca-Cola. He later became campaign manager for Ronald 'Bo' Ginn's 1982 gubernatorial campaign. He then served as the Chief of Staff for Representative Richard Ray before working as a lobbyist for King & Spalding. In this interview, Talmadge describes his career, talking about Herman Talmadge, Bo Ginn, and Richard Ray.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bill+Talmadge">Bill Talmadge</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Powell+Moore">Powell Moore</a>
2017-08-17
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-034
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Igor Khripunov, November 11, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cold+War">Cold War</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Foreign+relations">Foreign relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=National+security--United+States">National security--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nuclear+arms+control">Nuclear arms control</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<span>Igor Khripunov was born in the 1940s and works at the University of Georgia’s Center for International trade and security as a Distinguished Fellow and professor. Khripunov began his career as a translator for the Soviet Union. Previously, Khripunov has worked in many positions in Soviet affairs, including in the Soviet Union Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In this interview, Khripunov talks about his work in Soviet Union politics, his work with the University of Georgia, the end of the Cold War, and nuclear security.<br /><br />Dr. Igor Khripunov is a leading expert on nuclear security, security culture, and CBRN proliferation. He edits the 1540 Compass, and works closely with international organizations like the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs and the International Atomic Energy Agency on security assessment, training, and best practices.<br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Igor+Khripunov">Igor Khripunov</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gary+Bertsch">Gary Bertsch</a>
2016-11-11
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-036
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Russia">Russia</a>
Interview with Gary Bertsch, November 26, 2018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Foreign+relations">Foreign relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cold+War">Cold War</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Universities+and+colleges--Administration">Universities and colleges--Administration</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nuclear+arms+control">Nuclear arms control</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=University+and+colleges--University+of+Georgia">University and colleges--University of Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<span>Gary Bertsch was born in Vallejo, California in 1944. Bertsch received a PhD in political science at the University of Oregon. Bertsch created the Center for East-West Trade Policy at the University of Georgia, which was later renamed the Center for International Trade and Security. Bertsch has expertise on weapons-related political relations and China-US relations. In this interview, Bertsch talks about his work at the University of Georgia, East-West relations, and work conducted by the Center of International Trade and Security.<br /><br />Dr. Gary Bertsch is the founding director in 1987 of the Center for International Trade and Security, a University of Georgia-based program conducting international research, teaching and outreach to promote economic prosperity, international peace and security.<br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gary+Bertsch">Gary Bertsch</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Chris+Tucker">Chris Tucker</a>
2018-11-26
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-037
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with James Hamilton, May 7, 2019
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Watergate+Affair%2C+1972-1974">Watergate Affair, 1972-1974</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
James Hamilton was born in South Carolina. Hamilton has worked in many sectors of litigation, and on many famed cases including as the assistant to chief council in the Watergate Committee. Hamilton represented Senator Herman Talmage in the Watergate investigation. In this interview, Hamilton discusses the work he conducted in these hearings, as well as the vetting process for choosing a candidate for political offices.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=James+Hamilton+">James Hamilton </a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ashton+Ellett">Ashton Ellett</a>
2019-05-07
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-039
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with W. Russell King, May 8, 2019
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+campaigns">Political campaigns</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Southern+States--Politics+and+government">Southern States--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Partisanship">Partisanship</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Russell King moved around frequently as a child but eventually settled in South Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia for undergraduate studies and law school before working as Herman Talmadge’s Senior Legislative Assistant. In this interview, King discusses the details of working for Talmadge, covering his relations in the Senate, caring for him outside of the office, and his campaign. He mentions working for Freeport-McMoRan Inc. and changes in southern politics.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=W.+Russell+King">W. Russell King</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ashton+Ellett">Ashton Ellett</a>
2019-05-08
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL175OHD-040
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Phillip T. Parkerson, November 4, 2019
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Foreign+service">Foreign service</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Philip T. Parkerson, a historian and retired U.S. Foreign Service official, begins by discussing his early life in Eastman, Georgia, U.S. Navy service during the Vietnam War, and education at the University of Georgia. Parkerson joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1983. Most of this interview examines his life and career working in several South American nations from the 1980s through the early 2000s. It concludes with a brief exploration of Parkerson’s work since retiring from the foreign service.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Phillip+T.+Parkerson">Phillip T. Parkerson</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sheryl+Vogt">Sheryl Vogt</a>
2019-11-04
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
moving image
RBRL175OHD-041
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Yancey Gulley and Corey Johnson, February 8, 2013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Interpersonal+relations">Interpersonal relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Yancey Gulley and Corey Johnson discuss the development of their relationship over the past decade, finding a balance between career and family, and their community involvement and activism in Athens. <br /><br/><br/>This interview is part of the <a href="https://georgiaoralhistory.libs.uga.edu/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=58&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=I.+Georgia+Narratives">Georgia Narratives</a> series.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Needham+Yancey+Gulley">Needham Yancey Gulley</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Corey+Johnson">Corey Johnson</a>
2013-02-08
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
sound
RBRL324FPP-0008
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Jimmy Carter, February 21, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nonprofit+organizations">Nonprofit organizations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arab-Israeli+conflict">Arab-Israeli conflict</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Depressions--1929">Depressions--1929</a>
Former President of the United States Jimmy Carter was born in Plains, Georgia. In this interview, Carter talks about historic preservation in Plains, his childhood during the Great Depression, his grandchildren and family events, and reflections on his presidency. <br /><br /><br />This interview is part of the <a href="https://georgiaoralhistory.libs.uga.edu/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=58&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IV.+Plains,+Georgia">Plains, Georgia</a> series.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jimmy+Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sybil+Carter">Sybil Carter</a>
2014-02-21
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL324FPP-0042
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Homer Wilson, June 25, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+barbers">African American barbers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+business+enterprises">African American business enterprises</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discrimination">Discrimination</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Business+enterprises">Business enterprises</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens+Black+History">Athens Black History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Homer Wilson grew up in Madison County. He earned a certificate in forest from Fort Valley State College. In this interview, he discusses how he began working in his father’s barbershop, Wilson’s Styling Shop, in downtown Athens, Georgia. He talks about helping found the Hot Corner Association to share the history of the Hot Corner business district and promote minority entrepreneurship in downtown Athens.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Homer+Wilson">Homer Wilson</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alexander+Stephens">Alexander Stephens</a>
2014-06-25
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL361AOHP-001
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Archibald Killian, July 23, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+business+enterprises">African American business enterprises</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+police">African American police</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Segregation">Segregation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+religious+leaders">African American religious leaders</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Religious+leaders">Religious leaders</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Business+enterprises">Business enterprises</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens+Black+History">Athens Black History</a>
Archibald Killian was born in Athens, GA in 1933. He studied at the Burdett School of Business in Boston, and served as a police officer overseas in the U.S. Air Force. In this interview, Killian discusses the process of desegregation of the University of Georgia and his decision to house Hamilton Holmes, one of the first two African-American students admitted to UGA, despite threats from the Klu Klux Klan. Killian also reflects on being one of the first African Americans to integrate the police department, his eventual decision to leave that job and join the postal service, and his role as pastor of the St. Mark AME Church after his retirement. Killian also comments on both positive and negative changes that he has witnessed in Athens over the years, and the importance of teaching history to young people.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Archibald+Roosevelt+Killian">Archibald Roosevelt Killian</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alexander+Stephens">Alexander Stephens</a>
2014-07-23
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL361AOHP-003
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Gwen O'Looney, Part 1, November 14, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race+relations">Race relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gender">Gender</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Gwendolyn Ingram O’Looney grew up on St. Simon’s Island, graduated from the University of Georgia, and has worked in human service positions throughout her career. In this interview, she talks about her public service career in local politics, as a city council member and two-term mayor of Athens-Clarke County. She describes issues affecting Athens during the 1980s, as well as the race relations and women and minority representation at the time. O’Looney discusses the city-county unification process that created Athens-Clarke County, its ramifications, and her involvement in carrying out consolidation in her role as mayor.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gwen+O%27Looney">Gwen O'Looney</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Betsy+Bean">Betsy Bean</a>
2014-11-14
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL361AOHP-004
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Gwen O'Looney, Part 2, December 10, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Economic+development">Economic development</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Gwendolyn Ingram O’Looney grew up on St. Simon’s Island, graduated from the University of Georgia, and has worked in human service positions throughout her career. In this follow-up interview, O’Looney discusses more specifically the initiatives relating to solid waste management, water management, and economic development that she coordinated during her terms in office as mayor of Athens-Clarke County. She also discusses the partnership created between the city-county government and the University of Georgia, the improvement of transportation infrastructure, and the redevelopment of East Athens.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gwen+O%27Looney">Gwen O'Looney</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Betsy+Bean">Betsy Bean</a>
2014-12-10
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL361AOHP-005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Anne Brightwell, December 17, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Press+and+politics">Press and politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cultural+diversity">Cultural diversity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Education">Education</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Anne Brightwell grew up in the small town of Union, Missouri, outside of St. Louis. She graduated from Lindenwood College, and was involved in social activism relating to race and integration alongside her husband Frank. After moving to Athens, Georgia, they became involved in activism there, including printing the newspaper United Free Press, from their home. In this interview, Brightwell discusses her experiences as a teacher in Clarke Central High School in Athens-Clarke County. She talks about administrational support, school diversity, white flight, the connection between poverty and education, and the positive influence of the school’s athletic program on developing interracial understanding.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Anne+Brightwell">Anne Brightwell</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Betsy+Bean">Betsy Bean</a>
2014-12-17
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL361AOHP-006
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Lemuel LaRoche (Life the Griot), January 12, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+organization">Community organization</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Education">Education</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+poets">African American poets</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+families">African American families</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Families">Families</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Authors+and+publishers">Authors and publishers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens+Black+History">Athens Black History</a>
Lemuel LaRoche, also known as a Life The Griot, is a poet, community activist, and founder of the Athens non-profit, Chess and Community. He grew up in New York, and moved to Georgia where he attended Gordon College and later transferred to the University of Georgia. In this interview, LaRoche talks about his upbringing and early influences, his experience of the intersection between race and education, his decision to study social work at the master’s level, and his growing involvement in community engagement in Athens. He discusses Dreaded Mindz and Chess and Community, two community engagement initiatives he helped to spearhead. He discusses social conditioning, structural issues that affect the African-American community in Athens, and the relationship between the University of Georgia and the community. He reflects on fatherhood and working towards creating a better future.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lemuel+LaRoche+%28Life+the+Griot%29">Lemuel LaRoche (Life the Griot)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alexander+Stephens">Alexander Stephens</a>
2015-01-20
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL361AOHP-007
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Broderick Flanigan, July 29, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Public+housing">Public housing</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Coach-athlete+relationships">Coach-athlete relationships</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mentoring+in+education">Mentoring in education</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gentrification">Gentrification</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens+Black+History">Athens Black History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nonprofit+organizations">Nonprofit organizations</a>
Broderick Flanigan was born in Athens, Georgia in 1983. He attended Gaines Elementary School and later Clarke Central High School. During this time, Flanigan lived in the Nellie B neighborhood, a historically prominent neighborhood in Athens. Flanigan currently works as a mentor in his community as the owner of Flanigan's Portrait Studio. In this interview, Flanigan talks about his upbringing, his work and inspiration in mentorship, the importance of a community, and the relationship between the Athens community and the University of Georgia.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Broderick+Flanigan">Broderick Flanigan</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alexander+Stephens">Alexander Stephens</a>
2015-07-29
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL361AOHP-010
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Aida Quinones, April 20, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latino+families">Latino families</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinos">Latinos</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinas">Latinas</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cultural+awareness">Cultural awareness</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Aída Quiñones nació en Puerto Rico, pero se trasladó a la Universidad de Georgia para estudiar. Ella trabajó por un año como maestra de educacción especial, después de que trabajó con la comunidad hispana en várias papeles en escuelas y organizacioens comunales. En esta entrevista, ella discute su enfoque en trabajo con famílias latinas, momentos difíciles y destacados de su carrera y compara normas culturales entre Puerto Rico y los Estados Unidos. Quiñones también habla sobre quién la inspira, sus planes para el futuro y su identidad como una puertorriqueña y hispanohablante.
Aída Quiñones was born in Puerto Rico, but transferred to study at the University of Georgia. She worked for a year as a special education teacher, after which she worked with the Hispanic community in various roles in schools and organizations. In this interview, she discusses her focus on her work with Latino families, difficulties and highlights of her career, and compares cultural norms between Puerto Rico and the U.S. Quiñones also talks about who inspires her, her plans for the future, and her identity as Puerto Rican and as a Spanish-speaker.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aida+Quinones">Aida Quinones</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Soledad+Palacios">Soledad Palacios</a>
2016-04-20
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
spa
moving image
RBRL361AOHP-014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Iliana Yamileth Rodriguez, August 5, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinas">Latinas</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Student+movements">Student movements</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+activists">Political activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Undocumented+students">Undocumented students</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinos">Latinos</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
While enrolled at the University of Georgia, Iliana Rodriguez recalls becoming informed about the Georgia ban on undocumented students to public colleges and universities, which prompted her involvement in Freedom University. She discusses co-founding the Undocumented Student Alliance, a student ally group in support of Freedom University, and recalls the evolution of the group's mission and activism over time. She discusses having to negotiate her Latina identity and issues of belonging while growing up, but how her background has served to inform her graduate-level research into Mexican immigration in Georgia and the undocumented student movement.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iliana+Yamileth+Rodriguez">Iliana Yamileth Rodriguez</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iva+Dimitrova">Iva Dimitrova</a>
2016-08-05
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL361AOHP-021
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Jill Jayne Read, February 26, 2018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+organization">Community organization</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Conservation">Conservation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Jill Jayne Read attended both Wesleyan University and the University of Georgia where she got a Bachelor’s of Music and a Master’s in Public Administration, respectively. After marrying and moving to Athens, Georgia, Read served in a number of public administration positions. Read describes her experience in a variety of organizations, including working in the Heritage Foundation (an organization dedicated to the restoration of Athens' architecture) and her eventual work as a community relations officer for Athens-Clarke County. Read talks about her leadership and participation in a multitude of projects and events including the Downtown Revitalization Committee, Franklin College Chamber Series, Morton Theatre Corporation, WUGA Radio, Arts Alive Radio Program, the creation of the Athens Graphic Ordinance, New Arts Review, Nuçi's Space, University of Georgia State Botanical Garden, Blue Skies Concert Series, National Dance Week, Community Mural Project, Georgia Museum of Art, the Classic Center, Lyndon House Art Center, and the Morton Theatre Restoration Project.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jill+Jayne+Read">Jill Jayne Read</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=James+Reap">James Reap</a>
2018-02-26
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL361AOHP-025
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Knowa Johnson, Part 1, June 26, 2018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Music">Georgia--Music</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Hip-hop">Hip-hop</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+activists">Political activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens+Black+History">Athens Black History</a>
Knowa D. Johnson and his wife, Mokah Jasmine Johnson, moved from Orlando, Florida to North Atlanta, Georgia in 2009 to expand their network reach and business experience. After 2yrs of co-producing a magazine, working as publicist and operations manager of an independent record label, they brought their background as event producers, media and hip hop entrepreneurs to Athens, Georgia. Their first year in Clarke County, together they founded the Athens Hip Hop Awards, an annual event focused on showcasing hip hop culture and recognizing black-owned business in the community. Years later they founded the Athens Anti-Discrimination Movement (AADM), originally a volunteer-led group that first challenged the discrimination in bars in downtown Athens while pushing for the passing of an anti-discrimination ordinance and civil rights commission. In these interviews, Knowa D. Johnson discusses his growing political involvement in Athens, both as an activist through the AADM group as well as working on political campaigns, including Tabitha Johnson-Green's 2018 campaign for U.S. House of Representatives Dist. 10 and former ACC commissioner Harry Sims' campaign for mayor of Athens in the 2018 midterm election cycle.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Knowa+Johnson">Knowa Johnson</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Christian+Lopez">Christian Lopez</a>
2018-06-26
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
audio
sound
RBRL361AOHP-026-01
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Knowa Johnson, Part 2, June 29, 2018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Music">Georgia--Music</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Hip-hop">Hip-hop</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+activists">Political activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens+Black+History">Athens Black History</a>
Knowa D. Johnson and his wife, Mokah Jasmine Johnson, moved from Orlando, Florida to North Atlanta, Georgia in 2009 to expand their network reach and business experience. After 2yrs of co-producing a magazine, working as publicist and operations manager of an independent record label, they brought their background as event producers, media and hip hop entrepreneurs to Athens, Georgia. Their first year in Clarke County, together they founded the Athens Hip Hop Awards, an annual event focused on showcasing hip hop culture and recognizing black-owned business in the community. Years later they founded the Athens Anti-Discrimination Movement (AADM), originally a volunteer-led group that first challenged the discrimination in bars in downtown Athens while pushing for the passing of an anti-discrimination ordinance and civil rights commission. In these interviews, Knowa D. Johnson discusses his growing political involvement in Athens, both as an activist through the AADM group as well as working on political campaigns, including Tabitha Johnson-Green's 2018 campaign for U.S. House of Representatives Dist. 10 and former ACC commissioner Harry Sims' campaign for mayor of Athens in the 2018 midterm election cycle.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Knowa+Johnson">Knowa Johnson</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Christian+Lopez">Christian Lopez</a>
2018-06-29
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
oral histories
audio
sound
RBRL361AOHP-026-02
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Harry L. Sims, November 13, 2019
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Segregation">Segregation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+politicians">African American politicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+teachers">African American teachers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens+Black+History">Athens Black History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Elementary+school+teachers">Elementary school teachers</a>
Harry Sims grew up in Athens, Georgia and received a Bachelor’s degree from the University of Georgia. He taught at David C. Barrow Elementary before retiring and served as Athens City Commissioner before running for mayor. In this interview, Sims discusses his experience of school segregation and being a black man in Athens, Ga. He also shares his take on the unification of the government and how he got involved in politics.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Harry+L.+Sims">Harry L. Sims</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Knowa+Johnson">Knowa Johnson</a>
2019-11-13
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL361AOHP-028
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Melissa Link, November 2, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Music+festivals">Music festivals</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Central+business+districts">Central business districts</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=City+planning">City planning</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=County+ordinances">County ordinances</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+musicians">Women musicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Melissa Link moved to Athens, Georgia in 1993 where she attended the University of Georgia as a graduate student of art history. She has served in various positions in media, community organizations, and government throughout Athens. Currently, she is the District 3 Commissioner for Athens-Clarke County. In this interview, Link talks about her first introduction to Athens, her work as a commissioner, the development of downtown Athens, and the creation and future of AthFest.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Melissa+Link">Melissa Link</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dylan+Teribury">Dylan Teribury</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sara+Wilder">Sara Wilder</a>
2015-11-02
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL379AMP-007
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Kathy Kirbo, June 12, 2018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+musicians">Women musicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gender">Gender</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bands+%28Music%29">Bands (Music)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Guitarists--United+States">Guitarists--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Concert+tours">Concert tours</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Kathy Kirbo moved to Athens and attended the University of Georgia where she graduated with a degree in psychology. She has been part of numerous bands including Greenhouse and Jackpot City. She currently works as the executive director for the Reef Balls Foundation. In this interview, Kirbo discusses her experience in bands, her work on political campaigns, and women in the Athens music scene.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kathy+Kirbo">Kathy Kirbo</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Grace+Elizabeth+Hale">Grace Elizabeth Hale</a>
2018-06-12
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL379AMP-082
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Athens%2C+Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>
Interview with Tom Olin, September 23, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Learning+disabilities">Learning disabilities</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Education">People with disabilities--Education</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+activists">Political activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tom+Olin">Tom Olin</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mat+Darby">Mat Darby</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mark+Johnson">Mark Johnson</a>
2015-09-23
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL391GDC-001
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Kacy Tedder, February 24, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Autism">Autism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Services+for">People with disabilities--Services for</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Education">People with disabilities--Education</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parents+of+children+with+disabilities">Parents of children with disabilities</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Medical+policy">Medical policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Families">Families</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kacy+Tedder">Kacy Tedder</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Allison+Greene">Allison Greene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Taylor+Eget">Taylor Eget</a>
2016-02-24
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-002
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Tom Graf, March 2, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Education">People with disabilities--Education</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=School+integration">School integration</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Services+for">People with disabilities--Services for</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Political+activists">Political activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nonprofit+organizations">Nonprofit organizations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Tom Graf reflects on his life work in providing change for those who suffer from mental disabilities. Graf describes his early life as a blue-collar worker, before his eventual change of path into providing care for the mentally disabled. Graf discusses the condition of Atlanta’s mental institutions after moving to Atlanta from Ohio in the early 1970s. Graf reflects on the steps he took to build up his non-profit, the Atlanta Alliance on Developmental Disabilities (AADD), and the parents and politicians who supported his mission. He acknowledges the change that resulted from AADD’s advocacy, including the passing of legislation and redevelopment of Georgia’s care for the mentally disabled.
Tom Graf was born in Lancaster, Ohio, where he attended Catholic school until high school. After high school, Graf worked a variety of jobs, including at an ice plant and in construction. After deciding to quite blue-collar work, Graf attended Ohio State University on a scholarship where he wrestled, played football, and majored in physical education. After college, Graf worked as a physical education teacher in a school that provided education for the mentally disabled. Graf eventually went back to Ohio State University to receive his masters in special education in 1962. From there, Graf became director of the Happy Hearts School for the mentally disabled, where he provided funding for Happy Hearts through bond issues, and eventually moved to Atlanta in 1965, where he joined the board of many schools that specialized in providing education for the mentally disabled. Later, Graf became the executive director of the Atlanta Alliance on Developmental Disabilities, where he implemented many policies with the goal of ensuring the proper treatment of those with mental disabilities.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tom+Graf">Tom Graf</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mark+Crenshaw">Mark Crenshaw</a>
2017-03-02
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL391GDC-008
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Eve Byrd, April 12, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Medical+policy">Medical policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nonprofit+organizations">Nonprofit organizations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Eve Byrd talks about her and Tom Bornemann’s reaction to the series of exposé articles published in The Atlanta-Journal Constitution over the care of patients in Georgia mental state hospitals. Byrd describes her experience working with Dr. William McDonald, chair of the Fuqua Center for Late-Life Depression, as a supporter of the conversation between stakeholders, medical professionals, and community leaders. Byrd explains how mental health representatives on behalf of the State Department of Georgia partnered with the Fuqua Center for Late-Life Depression at Emory University in the efforts to reform parts of the mental healthcare system of Georgia. Byrd explains her present work as the Director of The Carter Center for Mental Health programs. Byrd reflects how the settlement agreement was carried out in a timely and effective manner, and she gives special recognition to the officials of The Carter Center Mental Health Program who assisted in beneficial developments for patients and stakeholders despite political tensions.
Eve Byrd earned a bachelor’s degree in Psychology and Nursing, a master’s degree in Psychosocial Nursing from Florida State University, and a master’s in Public Health from Emory University. yrd was a faculty member at the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing at Emory University. She held the position of executive director of the Fuqua Center for Late-Life Depression before she became the director of The Carter Center’s Mental Health Program in February 2017. Additionally, Byrd has experience with behavioral health policy as a consultant to the Georgia Division of Aging, the Georgia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities, and the Atlanta Regional Commissioner.
Eve Byrd's role during the settlement agreement between the Georgia State Mental Health Program and the Department of Justice was in engaging stakeholders and supporting the Special Advisor to the Governor on Mental Health.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Eve+Byrd">Eve Byrd</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lei+Ellingson">Lei Ellingson</a>
2017-04-12
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-009
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Ruby Moore, April 12, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Ruby Moore talks about her experience investigating the death of 14–year old Sarah Crider, who was under the care of a Georgia state hospital when she died. Moore talks about the settlement agreement reached between the State of Georgia and the Department of Justice against the wishes of stakeholders and advocacy groups. Moore talks about how advice and contributions from out-of-state resources assisted in the reform of the Georgia mental health care system. Moore describes the shortcomings of the settlement agreement, including the lack of litigation to improve conditions specifically for those with developmental disabilities.
Ruby Moore has more than thirty years of experience in assisting people with disabilities to obtain jobs and careers. Previously, Moore has worked on projects that involve setting up and providing national and state employment technical assistance in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. Moore also ran a demonstration model program in New England designed to help people with dual-sensory impairments attain employment. At the time of the interview, Ruby Moore served in as executive directory of the Georgia Advocacy Office, part of the larger implementation of the Protection as Advocacy System (P&A) for people with disabilities.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ruby+Moore">Ruby Moore</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alison+Barkoff">Alison Barkoff</a>
2017-04-12
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-010
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Thomas Bornemann, April 12, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Thomas Bornemann discusses his reaction to the series of articles published by The Atlanta-Journal Constitution. The interviewer, Lei Ellingson, and Bornemann discuss meetings held with advocates from the Georgia mental healthcare system with the initial goal of pursuing litigation against the State of Georgia for the conditions of their state run mental health institutions. Bornemann talks about the process of creating official goals for advocacy groups. Bornemann and Ellingson describe the reaction by stakeholders and advocacy groups to the settlement agreement. Bornemann and Ellingson describe the first meeting held among advocacy groups, and they credit public officials for their part in facilitating the reform. Bornemann and Ellingson talk about their regrets of not also focusing on major reform for people with developmental disabilities. Bornemann ends the interview with his reflection on the cooperation of Georgia citizens during the reformation of the state mental health care system.
Dr. Thomas H. Bornemann has served in a variety of positions throughout his career including, Chief of the refugee program at the Office of International Health; leading the design and developmental team that created patient care services at the National Institute of Mental Health; mental health advisor in the Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence of the World Health Organization. Dr. Bornemann has had experience in many concentrations including: research, clinical practice, administration, and policy development. Presently, Dr. Bornemann serves as the director of The Carter Center’s Mental Health Program, a position he has held since 2002.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Thomas+Bornemann">Thomas Bornemann</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lei+Ellingson">Lei Ellingson</a>
2017-04-12
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-011
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Joshua Norris, April 12, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Joshua Norris discusses the interactions between the Department of Justice and the Georgia Advocacy Office over the expośe articles written by The Atlanta-Journal Constitution concerning the treatment of patients at Georgia state mental health hospitals. Norris shares the initial reaction of advocacy groups and stakeholders to the settlement agreement reached by the State of Georgia and the Department of Justice. He explains the process of creating the amici of the court in advance of the settlement hearing. Norris talks about the specifics of the settlement hearings and explains which organizations made up the amici. Norris describes the shortcomings of the settlement agreement in reforming conditions of care for people with developmental disabilities, and explains why litigation against the state of Georgia was only pursued in mental health care. Norris shares his regrets over the lack of specific measures to address children's needs in the rulings concerning the reform of the Georgia mental health care system.
Joshua Norris worked as a lawyer at the Georgia Advocacy Office (GAO) and later as Deputy Legal Directory of Children's Rights at the Southern Poverty Law Center. Norris also operates his own law practice, Joshua H. Norris LLC, where he litigates cases relating to Medicaid benefits and services on behalf of people with disabilities.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Joshua+Norris">Joshua Norris</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mat+Darby">Mat Darby</a>
2017-04-12
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-012
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Doug Scott, April 21, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Services+for">People with disabilities--Services for</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Homelessness">Homelessness</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Doug Scott discusses the definition of Supportive Housing, and explains the status of chronic homelessness. Scott compares the societal cost of chronic homelessness vs. supportive permanent housing. Scott and the interviewer, Talley Wells, talk about how supportive housing was eventually integrated into Georgia to carry out Georgia’s Olmstead Plan. Scott talks about his previous experience in creating housing plans. Scott recalls his initial days on the job as the Director of Supportive Housing in the Georgia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities. Talley Wells discusses previous attempts by the State of Georgia to implement housing plans to assist the chronically homeless. Scott and Wells explain the model used for the development of permanent housing in Georgia and the adaptation of bridge funding as the method to provide money for the development of such housing. Scott talks about his wish for research to be conducted concerning the effects of permanent supportive housing on the individual.
Doug Scott now serves as the Director of Supportive Housing in the Georgia Department of Developmental Disabilities. In this position, Scott has been accredited with many of the housing plans created to support the integration of mental health patients into the community; including the creation of the tenant-based housing model used to provide housing for recent release patients. Previously, Scott worked as the director of CHRISkids, Atlanta (now known as CHRIS180), a program which focused on aiding young adults in the transition stage between foster care and full independence. Additionally, Doug Scott has served as the administrator of federal funds in the Georgia Department of Community Affairs.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Doug+Scott">Doug Scott</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Talley+Wells">Talley Wells</a>
2017-04-21
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Sue Smith and Sue Jamieson, April 21, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Services+for">People with disabilities--Services for</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Sue Smith, Sue Jamieson, and the interviewer, Cynthia Wainscott discuss their experience working together prior to the Georgia vs. Department of Justice hearing. Smith and Jamieson discuss the shortcomings of the settlement agreement that was reached as a result. Smith and Jamieson talk about the process of the advocacy groups becoming amici of the court to advocate for revising the settlement agreement through Judge Charles Pannell, the presiding judge over the settlement agreement. Jamieson talks about the shortcomings of the second settlement agreement, which failed to provide changes to the care of children with both developmental disabilities and mental illnesses. Smith, Jamieson, and Wainscott discuss the de-institutionalization movement of the 1980s. Smith, Jamieson, and Wainscott talk about the lack of resources in Georgia to provide adequate housing and care for the large population of those with mental illnesses and developmental disabilities. They discuss the impact of the Department of Justice’s involvement in the settlement agreement. Jamieson and Wainscott talk about the lasting impact of their work on the settlement agreement, including the creation of relationships and long-lasting friendships among those involved.
Sue Jamieson worked at Jacksonville Area Legal Aid and Legal Services of North Carolina, before her career at the Atlanta Legal Aid Society where she serves as the Project Director of the Mental Health and Disability Rights Project. Much of Jamieson’s work focused on providing legal advice for those with disabilities. Jamieson served as lead counsel in the Olmsted vs. L.C. Supreme Court Case of 1999 which ruled that unjustified segregation of persons with disabilities constitutes discrimination in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and that people with disabilities have a qualified right to receive state-funded support and services in the community rather than institutions.
Sue Smith has served as the CEO of the Georgia Parent Support Network (GPSN) since 1987, a grassroots family-run nonprofit organization established in 1989 to help address the needs of children with mental illness, emotional disturbances and behavioral differences and their families.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sue+Smith">Sue Smith</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sue+Jamieson">Sue Jamieson</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cynthia+Wainscott">Cynthia Wainscott</a>
2017-04-21
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Talley Wells, April 21, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Medical+policy">Medical policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Services+for">People with disabilities--Services for</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Talley Wells talks about his work in the Disability Integration Project as part of Atlanta Legal Aid. Wells talks about the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service's mandate for Georgia to develop an Olmstead Plan in order to adhere to the requirements set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act. Wells recalls the process of appeals to the court by advocacy groups to allow for the modification of the settlement agreement reached between the Department of Justice and the state of Georgia. Wells explains the process of formulating a system of housing vouchers to aid in the transition and integration of those with mental disabilities into the community. Wells talks about his concerns over the revised settlement agreement. Wells explains the reasons behind the lack of integration services provided by the state. Wells talks about the need for a common goal concerning institutionalized care in the state of Georgia.
Talley Wells earned his Bachelor’s degree and a Juris Doctorate from Duke University School of Law and his Master’s in Education at Harvard University. In 2003, Wells and his wife, Laura helped launch L’Arche Atlanta, an organization started with the mission of developing a community focused on the friendships formed between those with and without developmental disabilities. Wells has also served on leadership boards for The Center for Working Families (2009 to 2017) and the Georgia Supportive Housing Association, during which time he assisted with the development of Permanent Supportive Housing for the state of Georgia. Wells came to work at Atlanta Legal Aid in 2000 before he was eventually promoted to the position of Director of the Disability Integration Project. During his time at Atlanta Legal Aid, Wells served as an advocate in the Department of Justice vs. Georgia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities settlement agreement. Wells has written a series of articles about Olmstead legal services various news outlets. Wells is also the creator of a website known as Olmsteadrights.org, which offers tools and information regarding the rights assured to people with disabilities through Olmstead v. L.C Supreme Court case. Since January 2018, Wells works as the Executive Director of the Georgia Appleseed Center for Law and Justice.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Talley+Wells">Talley Wells</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Susan+Goico">Susan Goico</a>
2017-04-21
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Gab Rich, April 21, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Services+for">People with disabilities--Services for</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Crime">Crime</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Gab Rich talks about her position at Atlanta Legal Aid as a paralegal in the Disability Integration Project. Rich recalls the early days of the Nick Project, a committee-led social project with the mission of providing services to people with mental disabilities who were institutionalized in Georgia State Forensic Hospitals. Rich talks about her initial involvement in the Nick Project and the ways in which the Nick Project has impacted the lives of individuals who suffer from mental illnesses. Nick explains the challenges faced in the managing the operations of the Nick Project, including the provision of adequate housing and challenges of confronting the stigmas associated with providing care for those with mental illnesses. Rich talks about the need for greater community awareness about mental illness.
Gab Rich graduated with a Bachelor’s in Psychology from Emory University and a Master's of Social Work and Community Partnerships from the University of Georgia. Rich has served in a variety of positions focused on the care of those with disabilities and child social work. From 2014-2017, Rich served as a paralegal in the Atlanta Legal Aid Society Disability Integration Project. There, she worked as part of legal team where she provided representation to those with developmental disabilities and mental illnesses. During her time at Atlanta Legal Aid, Rich was also involved in the Nick Project, a committee-led social project that was missioned with the purpose of providing services for those with mental disabilities being held in Georgia state forensic hospitals. Rich presently works as a member of an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Team, where she acts as a behavioral health clinician and provides therapeutic counseling for those receiving ACT team services.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gab+Rich">Gab Rich</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Susan+Goico">Susan Goico</a>
2017-04-21
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL391GDC-016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Harriet Van Norte, June 21, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=State+governments--Officials+and+employees">State governments--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mental+health+policy">Mental health policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=People+with+disabilities--Civil+rights--United+States">People with disabilities--Civil rights--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Appropriations+and+expenditures%2C+State">United States--Appropriations and expenditures, State</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
Harriet Van Norte talks about how she came to work in the Department of Public Health as the admissions coordinator of the state mental health hospitals, and remembers the growth in community services in the early 1970s. Van Norte talks about how she used the relationships formed throughout her career to develop the Georgia mental health department, especially in terms of fundraising for program development. Van Norte describes the training programs held across the state of Georgia to educate practitioners about community-based care as a result of deinstitutionalization movement of the 1980s. Van Norte talks about the in- and out-of-state assistance provided to the state of Georgia in order to promote the de-institutionalization movement. The interviewers conclude by highlighting the impact that Van Norte had on the state of Georgia and about her contribution to the quality of Georgia's disability services.
Harriet Van Norte moved to Georgia in the 1970’s, where she worked for one year as a before she began working as the Admission Coordinator at the Department of Public, and where she later served as the Director of Residential Services overseeing the state mental health hospitals. Van Norte later worked as the Director of Consumer Affairs at the Georgia Public Service Commission, where, after work hours, she worked to secure funding for projects to help people with developmental disabilities.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Harriet+Van+Norte">Harriet Van Norte</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Charles+Hopkins">Charles Hopkins</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bob+Herrin">Bob Herrin</a>
2017-06-21
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
RBRL391GDC-017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia">Georgia</a>
Interview with Robert Paine, July 30, 2012
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Animal+ecology">Animal ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Experimental+ecology">Experimental ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Robert Paine was the president of the Ecological Society of America from 1979-1980. He became a professor at the University of Washington in 1962, and he remained there for his entire career. In this interview he discusses his education, career, and research, including his studies at Tatoosh Island and his study at Makah Bay, which lead to his proposal on the concept of keystone species.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview Notes</h3>
Bob collected mushrooms as a kid with his father; his parents were enthusiastic about encouraging his interest in birds; he bought his own binoculars and was adopted by bird watchers in the Cambridge area, including Ludlow Griscom. Bob became an ornithologist and at the age of 14 was in the Harvard museums. He would hang out with Ernst Mayr as an undergraduate; his parents were friends with Mayr, and he was too until the day Mayr died. He collected birds in southern Mexico, and he saw North American wood warblers there. He became interested in how they were portioning the environment.<br /><br />Initially he was in geology at Michigan, but Fred Smith encouraged him to be his student in ecology. Fred was a brilliant “hands-off teacher,” which was fine with Bob.<br /><br />His career at the University of Washington benefitted greatly from excellent graduate students, working in the marine environment, and he collaborated with Tommy Edmonton and Gordon Orians. Bob focused on experimental manipulation, which led to keystone species hypothesis.<br /><br /><strong>Philosophy for educating students</strong> <br /><br />I let them do what they wanted to do, and I was uniformly interested in what they wanted to do. They had to be self-motivated. Around 70% were NSF fellows. I suffered along with them doing field work, and we became very close.<br /><br /><strong>How did keystone species concept develop?</strong> <br /><br />Bob got NSF research support for a postdoc at Scripps, with Fred Smith’s influence, who was then at NSF. Great respect for Charles Elton, who “got it he right.” He saw starfish predators eating moon clams, which ate other things, like “gastropods drilling barnacles.” In 1963, initiated he starfish removal, and mussels took over. The more mussels, the more starfish, so he had to keep the starfish population down, which he did.<br /><br /><strong>The roll of disturbance in ecosystems<br /><br /></strong>Exposed rocky shores have large beds of mussels, and are subject to an annual cycle of disturbance and recovery. Pattern changes from year to year, depending on disturbance intensity. Dick Root got Simon Levin together with Bob, and Simon spent a sabbatical with Bob. He describes this research during the recording. Simon provided the models.<br /><br />Focus on disturbance caused by the results of manipulating a predator, and the global spread of human influences, and also, the cumulative work of various kinds of disturbances (and recovery). Ecologists became aware that we live in a world that is not at equilibrium, and biological processes were involved.<br /><br /><strong>Bob describes the importance of long-term research at one site.</strong> <br /><br />Experiments should be based on prior knowledge, and what’s “doable.” Single site observation enables one to do this.<br /><br /><strong>When are ideas ready to be generalizable?</strong> <br /><br />He talks again about the keystone species concept, and how it could and was applied to other ecosystems. It’s important to study variables that are measurable in the field. Working with someone like Simon Levin was very important. The generalizations come through mathematics.<br /><br />What’s the role of ecologists in policy and politics? Communication is very important at all levels; and it’s a matter of education, at all levels. Jane Lubchenco (M.S. at Washington with Bob, but then followed her husband to Boston), a good scientist, and now director of NOAA. Also mentions another student. All scientists should be involved at one or another level in policy and politics. Books can do it, and he’s done one (now in second edition) that illustrates biological interactions (illustrated with color photos) on the sea coast, intended for the serious naturalist of any age.<br /><br /><strong>Involvement with ESA; president in 1979</strong> <br /><br />How has ESA and ecology changed over the years? The number of sole-authored papers has dropped dramatically. Team research has increased. He describes the implications.<br />Meetings have become much larger, with consequences. Journals have become more “sciency.” More quantitative; less natural history, he thinks.<br /><br /><strong>What else?</strong> <br /><br />“I’ve had a terrific time.” He is concerned about losing the “natural world,” and regrets not having done enough to protect it.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Robert+Paine">Robert Paine</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Douglas+Sprugel">Douglas Sprugel</a>
2012-07-12
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL416ESA-001
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Washington">Washington</a>
Interview with Gordon Orians, June 4, 2013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Animal+ecology">Animal ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=College+teachers">College teachers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Authors+and+publishers">Authors and publishers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Gordon Orians was the president of the Ecological Society of America from 1995-1996. He was also a professor at the University of Washington. In this interview, he discusses his work with the Institute of Environmental Studies at the University of Washington and the National Academy of Sciences. He also talks about major questions in ecology including population regulation, species richness in communities, and energy flows.<br />
<h3>Interview Notes</h3>
Orians began bird watching when he was 7 years old and started keeping field notes at age 9. He went to the University of Wisconsin and majored in zoology, advised by John Emlen and John Curtis who made plan ecology very interesting. Orians got a Fullbright Fellowship at the University of Oxford with David Lack, a good friend of Emlen, for graduate school. He said Lack had the most important influence on his career. In undergrad, Orians had studied hawks and wrote a manuscript, of which Lack was quite critical of, leading Orians to think more critically, using the hypthetico-deductive approach. <br /><br />Lack also taught Orians about proximate and ultimate factors affecting processes and how important it is to know which question is being asked. Lack was far more important than any subsequent advisors that he had. Gordon later received his Ph.D. at California.<br /><br /><strong>What are his most important contributions? <br /><br /></strong>Behavioral ecology from an evolutionary perspective. Lack made ecology an evolutionary science, which Gordon pursued.<br /><br /><strong>Philosophy of graduate education</strong><br /><br />The most important contributions came from students who asked the best questions when he taught. And how did those questions change over time? That art of asking questions - being good at that is more important than how much someone knows.<br /><br />Students often did their research on topics that were not the central theme of his grants, so they had to develop their research independently.<br /><br /><strong>Importance of the Institute of Environmental Studies</strong><br /><br />The IES was the University of Washington's response to Earth Day, which generated a lot of interest and which Gordon helped found and eventually was director for a long time. Gordon describes the history of IES and how it is multidisciplinary. Though it has since been terminated by the university and replaced by a new initiative. He also advised the state as a member of a state legislative committee, and also was on an advisory committee for EPA. Often the agencies lacked expertise. It was important for them to have ecologists, to prevent them from “garbling” the application of ecology.<br /><br />At that time it was hard to find academic positions for all graduates, so it was good to get them involved with the agencies, and become familiar with the science-policy interface. Courses were taught on that subject and are still taught there today.<br /><br />While planning Washington’s institute, Gordon and others visited other institutes, and he noted considerable variation, due to their local situation. There was no standard to follow in developing an institute on the environment. At Washington, the institute was small, with limited budget. Later biogeochemistry became a focal point, though that was not Gordon’s expertise, nor were there any courses on the subject. So they developed a course on the subject and that focus was used for graduate student recruitment. <br /><br />Students became focused on getting an academic job because they were surrounded by academics, but Gordon tried to broaden perspectives, showing that other career paths were just as good. <br /><br /><strong>Books</strong> <strong><br /><br /></strong>Orians got involved early on in writing a general biology textbook, because the existing ones were so filled with facts, which he didn’t like. He wanted a book with more on the process of science, and he felt strongly about that. He wrote his first biology textbook all by himself, “which was a colossal failure;” too radical a departure from tradition. Subsequent textbooks that he co-authored were “more standard.”<br /><br /><strong>National Academy Reports</strong><br /><br />He reviews a little of NAS history, and then describes the National Research Council, which is the working arm of the NAS. He worked as committee chair on a report on oil and gas development in Alaska. These studies are important to provide a means of getting scientists involved, not just politicians or policy makers. Biases are identified; balance is sought, to achieve a balance of biases, if there is a bias. No one is paid for this work. The effectiveness of the reports varies. Sometimes politicians prevail. NAS/NRC is the only choice for the highest of objectivity. The reports narrowed the scope of topics over which disagreement was still reasonable. OK to leave some places alone, which is a legitimate point. Rarely do you totally resolve a problem with such reports, but bounds are placed on the debate.<br /><br /><strong>What have been the important questions in ecology that continue today?</strong><br /><br />Charles Elton’s book was really good, framing good questions, at least for animal ecology. Population regulation? Density dependent/density independence – a big topic when he was a grad student, but not so much now. Many factors are involved; a complex topic. Topics of species richness and community. Behavior in relation to communitycharacteristics. And energy flow.<br /><br />Sometimes ecological questions are asked that can’t be answered, and that’s ok. It’s intrinsic to the nature of ecology, and we’ve come to realize that.<br /><br /><strong>How has your thinking changed over the years?</strong><br /><br />Orians took his first ecology course at Wisconsin. Andrewarths and Birch worked in Australia, which affected what they wrote about, and he describes how. At that time, there was not much communication between the various sub-disciplines of ecology. Now, they tend to work together more often.<br /><br />He mentions the behavioral basis for why species diversity might decline on small islands (fragmented habitat) and speaks about the importance of natural history information.<br /><br />When he went to college, he carried a slide rule; now it’s computers. Still have to think hard, even though we have large data sets. Crap in; crap out.<br /><br /><strong>How has ESA changed?<br /><br /></strong>You get involved because it’s part of your profession. Communication at meetings and through the journals is valuable. Now meetings are much bigger, more complex, and for him, less interesting. He enjoyed the NAS committees because they were small. He often didn’t go to ESA meetings.<br /><br />Now, societies have less revenue coming from journals. Not sure how this will play out. He bets a lot of societies won’t survive. Blogs may become more important, and he doesn't know about their futures. <br /><br />Society sections and chapters may compensate for some of his conserns.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gordon+Orians">Gordon Orians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Douglas+Sprugel">Douglas Sprugel</a>
2013-06-04
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL416ESA-003
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Washington">Washington</a>
Interview with Orie Loucks, August 7, 2013
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Forest+ecology">Forest ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Applied+ecology">Applied ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Orie Loucks was a member of the Ecological Society of America’s Applied Ecology and Certification Committees. He won the George Mercer Award in 1964 and was a professor at the University of Wisconsin and Miami University in Ohio. In this interview, Loucks discusses his work with the International Biological Program and the Holcomb Research Institute.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview Notes</h3>
Loucks grew up on a southern Ontario farm on the Canadian Shield, which was not good farmland. He went to a country school with two grades per room. He had no role models in science. His dad loved the forest, including old growth and they would not even cut firewood in the old-growth. His focus was very applied from an early age.<br /><br /><strong>Education and early employment</strong><br /><br />He went to the University of Toronto to study forestry. Angus Hills, soil surveyer for Ontario Department of Forest, provided his introduction to ecology, but developing a career on ecology in 1952-53 required financial support.<br /><br /><strong>Importance of wildlands/wilderness</strong><br /><br />Dr. Carl Atwood, an entomologist, was the main proponent for wilderness in Canada, and he worked with Sigurd Olsen and the Wilderness Society. Atwood used the annual sportsman show to raise money for conservation, which provided funds for a graduate student, which Orie received to study forests in wilderness areas including Basswood Lake and Quetico Provincial Park. He was a finishing undergrad student at the time. There were lots of pressures to harvest the large pines along the shores. Orie developed an M.S. degree out of the project, and his undergrad assistant was Rickard Waring, who became a well known ecologist at Oregon State. Orie developed a paper based on this work and describes some of the results.<br /><br />After finishing his M.S. degree, he worked for the Canadian Forestry Service in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. There they encouraged him to pursue graduate work, recommending Wisconsin, and he went there in 1957. He had an interest in vegetation patterns caused by topographic control, moisture, and nutrients. He spent a year at Wisconsin, then a year in New Brunswick, and back to Wisconsin to write a dissertation – for which he received ESA’s George Mercer Award.<br /><br />In those days he was taking a narrow view of ecology, more so than later in his career. Botany was his focus, no courses in animal ecology, but he did study soils and meteorology, which was out of step with plant ecology at the time. He was interdisciplinary in that sense. He went to Wisconsin because of Curtis and Cottam, as they were more quantitative, which enabled the answering of new questions. He knew about that before he began his studies there.<br /><br />He returned to New Brunswick, but the University of Wisconsin approached him to join the faculty in 1962, which he did, to fill the faculty position of his mentor John Curtis who had just died. Orie went there knowing that the department was very divided at the time, between physiologists and ecologist. Before he died, Curtis had encouraged the department to recruit him.<br /><br /><strong>Years on faculty at Wisconsin</strong><br /><br />He worked as faculty at Wisconsin from 1962-78. During this time, Rachel Carson’s book came out, which resonated with him. Orie attended local citizen group meetings, to try to stop insecticide applications for mosquitoes. There was insufficient examination of the risks at the time. This led to his involvement in the banning of DDT. (See <em>Banning DDT: How citizen activists in Wisconsin led the way</em> by Bill Berry.) Partly as a result, Orie’s work became more systems oriented. This became his focus on ecology; “how ecology should serve the taxpayers.”<br /><br />John Hart et al. took the lead in a new book on environmental science, <em>Patient Earth</em>, that was widely adopted, and Orie wrote a chapter on the DDT battle in Wisconsin. So he changed from a forest ecologist to a systems ecologist with an applied focus.<br /><br />He also became interested in plant and animal adaptations. David Parkhurst, a mathematician, came to Madison to work with Orie, which led to a paper on optimum leaf size. Why do some plants have small leaves, or compound leaves, and others much larger leaves? They used mathematics to demonstrate the relationships with wind and other factors. One of their major papers on the subject was published in 1970.<br /><br />Joan Hett also helped him develop his interest in long term tree demography. Initially she worked on balsam fir in the Quetico, and then hemlock. Orie describes what they found in the interview.<br /><br /><strong>International Biological Program at Wisconsin</strong><br /><br />Loucks thinks IBP represented a major revolution in ecology (see <em>Big Ecology</em> by Dave Coleman). He compared Europe and U.S. programs, and mentioned the role of Frank Blair and Art Hasler. Watersheds were commonly studied. He was involved with urging Congress to increase NSF funding by $50 million, for ecological research based on models. In those days, he soon learned to never use the word “model” when talking to biologists. Orie describes the Lake Wingra site, for which Orie initially led the upland studies. He soon became the leader for both upland and aquatic studies. Sixteen departments were involved; it was a new paradigm for ecological research – mostly aquatic, led by John Magnuson. He wrote a book chapter on the history of IBP, in which he describes what has been learned from all the IBP biome studies. The new paradigm was a primary result of IBP, which he discusses in the interview – a major turning point for ecology, and it was frustrating for lots of people who didn’t want to use mathematical models.<br /><br />Orie commented on Hubbard Brook, the leaders of which were disappointed with IBP at the time. George Van Dyne would antagonize some ecologists. There was a cultural divide among ecologists. Eventually, some European institutes adopted the U.S. model. Criticism of IBP is less now. Plant and animal ecology is now well integrated.<br /><br /><strong>Leaving Wisconsin, the founding of TIE, and move to Holcomb Research Institute</strong><br /><br />EPA got him involved in acid rain studies, and his interests had evolved to large regional effects. This was during the Carter administration. Emissions were an issue, and legislation was being formulated on acid rain. Many leaders in ecology, like Gene Likens studied large scale environmental effects. Parallel to this was growing interest in the development of an institute of ecology, one that would not compete with member universities, and this led to The Institute of Ecology (TIE), which headquartered at the Holcomb Research Institute in Indianapolis. There was a lot of debate about TIE, but Orie liked the idea. Holcomb provided a home for TIE and Orie was convinced to move there to direct the program. He did some projects with the Department of Energy, but after three years, the enthusiasm on the part of the TIE board waned because it was impossible to create a niche that did not compete with universities. So TIE was disbanded and Orie became a part of the Holcomb Institute at Butler University in Indianapolis as director. He had some good post-docs, and continued his work on Ohio forests and on patch dynamics in prairies, working with students at Wisconsin, such as Mary Plumb-Mentjes, with whom he continued to work while he was in Indianapolis. He conferred with Simon Levin, who at the time was working with Bob Paine on the intertidal zone.<br /><br />Orie thinks that his most important paper was written with Jianguo Wu, now at Arizona State University, Global Institute of Sustainability, and had to do with the meaning of the balance of nature. He discusses this in the interview. “Hierarchical patch dynamics” was discussed in the paper, building on the writing of Dan Botkin and Simon Levin. For example, he discusses the importance of gopher mounds in some areas. The paper was published in the Quarterly Review of Biology, in 1995.<br /><br />Orie was involved with the Scientific Natural Areas Program at Wisconsin and he worked with TNC protecting nature preserves, a cause that he believed in. He served on Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, and National TNC boards. Orie said he put a lot of time into this, research administration, and actual research.<br /><br /><strong>Move to Univesity of Miami-Ohio</strong><br /><br />Butler hired a new president which led to changes that reduced the stature of the Holcomb Research Institute. At the same time, the state of Ohio developed an Eminent Scholar Program. Gary Barrett, at UM-Ohio at the time, developed a proposal for the position that Orie got, and he moved there in 1989. He welcomed the opportunity to work with the College of Business there, for reasons that he discusses in the interview, such as involving corporations as part of the solution. Risk reduction was a focus, and getting competing businesses to self direct their solutions was a goal. The Bhopal disaster was a warning about what can happen. Orie taught a course in “sustainability,” which business majors readily took, with some scientists as well, but fewer than he wanted. He and others wrote a textbook on the subject with case studies, which are now in need of updating. It was always difficult to attract faculty from science and business to do the teaching.<br /><br /><strong>Development of ESA</strong><br /><br />ESA meetings were always inspiring, he said. The first meeting that he attended was at the University of Colorado in 1964 when he received the George Mercer Award. Much later he became involved in committees, especially the Applied Ecology Committee and the Certification Committee. He thinks ESA leadership doesn’t provide adequate leadership for committee and section chairs, so it’s hard to get as much done between annual meetings as one might like. He was also on the ESA “policy” committee. He misses the annual business meeting of the membership as a whole, which was a common feature of the annual meeting early on. Orie doesn’t understand the current organization of ESA and thinks it’s less effective. He hopes the Council is doing what it should be doing. He discusses differences between ESA and the American Society of Civil Engineers, in which Orie’s son is involved.<br /><br /><strong>Any other topics?</strong><br /><br />Documenting history is important. Professional obstacles did occur during his career. “Difficult people made life difficult for me.” “Life is political. You can’t let such things get you down.” Electric Power Trade Association attacked Orie, thinking that he had gone too far with regard to the proportion of lakes in the northeast affected by acid rain. He survived it, but he said, “Not everybody does.”
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Orie+Loucks">Orie Loucks</a>
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2013-08-07
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
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RBRL416ESA-004
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Interview with Yaffa Grossman, August 12, 2014
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+scientists">Women scientists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Transgenic+organisms">Transgenic organisms</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Yaffa Grossman was a member of the Ecological Society of America and a professor of biology at Beloit College. In this interview she discusses working in the ESA’s public affairs office and talks about her involvement with the ESA’s report on the effects of genetically engineered organisms.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview Notes</h3>
Grossman was a Public Affairs Office staff memeber in the late 1980s and early 1990s; professor at Beloit College in Wisconsin at the time of this interview.<br /><br />As a child, Grossman took part in Girl Scouts which provided outdoor activities that led to an interest in ecology. She went to Amhert College and took biology classes taught by Lincoln Brower and Marge Holland (who taught natural history).<br /><br />Grossman received an M.S. degree from the University of Massachusetts and later a Ph.D. from UC-Davis.<br /><br />Marge Holland, newly hired Public Affairs Director, then hired Yaffa to be a research assistant in the Public Affairs Office (PAO), housed in the AIBS Building at that time. They both moved to Washington in 1987. There was no ESA Washington Office then, only the Public Affairs Office. Duncan Patten was the Business Manager, located at Arizona State University.<br /><br /><strong>Genetically Engineered Organisms</strong><br /><br />Grossman soon became involved with the ESA report on the ecological effects of genetically engineered organisms (GEO). She worked with Jim Tiedje and organized a workshop that led to a publication in <em>Ecology</em>. It was heavily reviewed before publication, but was never presented as the position of ESA. She briefly discusses this, noting that a previous report from the National Academy of Sciences suggested the effects would be minor. Later NAS published another report (book) on the subject, which was more balanced and more cautious. Al Gore formed a group focusing on GEOs, noting concerns about no regulation and no rules for evaluating GEOs. Even the industry urged the establishment of rules. The report was “released” in the Senate Building. Yaffa and Marge failed to provide a copy to all journalists in advance and were criticized for that. ESA had little experience with such things at that point.<br /><br />The ESA Board did not allow calling the report a white paper or position paper, because it was thought ESA should not become involved with advocacy on politically sensitive topics. She thinks that now has changed and position papers are now common.<br /><br /><strong>New Journal: <em>Ecological Application</em></strong><br /><br />This new journal was proposed while she was on staff and she and Marge noticed that every person on the editorial board had an academic affiliation, which seemed odd to them, but was indicative of ESA’s orientation at that time. No actual land managers were involved initially. Yaffa commented that there was even some resistance to having a Public Affairs Office at the time.<br /><br />Yaffa has only a few documents pertinent to the GEO report; most stayed at the PAO. Marge Holland has delivered her PAO files to ESA’s archives at the University of Georgia. And the Rose Hulman Institute, an Indiana-based engineering institute, gave ESA an award for the GEO work around 1990.<br /><br /><strong>How would you characterize ESA now compared to then?</strong><br /><br />Grossman joined ESA in about 1979 or 1980 and her first meeting was at Bloomington, Indiana. The first day she was at Beloit College, she was asked to join ESA’s Public Affairs Committee, which she did. <br /><br />She and Marge organized the first press room for coverage of the annual meeting. This seems to have been very successful.<br /><br />Position papers are now common and less controversial.<br /><br /><strong>Other controversial topics? What was ESA's reputation?</strong><br /><br />Elliot Norris was Marge’s predecessor. He started a referral network for connecting ecologists with Washington staffers and others seeking objective ecological information. That seemed like a good idea.<br /><br />ESA’s reputation “was good, but not wide.” There was no director of public affairs for a short time after Elliot left and Marge arrived. E-mail was first used in the office at this time. (See archived files of Marge Holland at the University of Georgia.)<br /><br /><strong>Anything else?</strong><br /><br />Washington staffers seemed very young, even to her at the time.<br /><br />ESA is still trying to decide how to emphasize science and prepare position papers; there's still confusion over ecology and environmentalism. <br /><br />The challenges of lobbying and maintaining tax exempt status continue.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Yaffa+Grossman">Yaffa Grossman</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dennis+Knight">Dennis Knight</a>
2014-08-12
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
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RBRL416ESA-005
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with James Brown, September 23, 2014
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
James Brown was the president of the Ecological Society of America from 1996-1997 and won the 2002 ESA Robert H. MacArthur Award. In this interview he recalls coining the term “macroecology,” discusses his ESA presidency, and shares his concerns about the future of ecology.<br />
<h3>Interview notes</h3>
James' interest in natural history was motivated by his mother at their up-state New York rural home near Ithaca; close association with Cornell Ornithological Lab. He went hunting and trapping and his father was a philosophy professor at Cornell. At 11 years of age, James was working with a Cornell grad student in fields near his home. He took a high school science course at Cornell one summer.<br /><br />James attended Cornell and majored in biology in the “arts” college. He became an undergrad teaching assistant, took a summer course at MBL, and graduated in 1963. He got his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. He was influenced by Undergraduate Biology Club programs and field trips, and faculty members Hamilton and Eisner.<br /><br />James was always interested in mammals and birds, and was attracted to the Southwest. He studied climate adaptation in Neotoma, in the western U.S., along with physiological ecology. He was guided by Bill Dawson, and other graduate students who were very important, maybe more so than faculty at the time. He did a post-doc with Bartholomew at UCLA. Most Ph.D.’s in those days found jobs in academia in a part of the country and the kind of school they wanted. He thinks more opportunities developed in the aftermath of Sputnik.<br /><br />In the desert you can see everything, unlike in the Northeast. He picked study sites and organisms most appropriate for answering the questions that interested him.<br /><br />Michigan, Berkeley, Georgia, Princeton, University of Pennsylvania, and others that he lists were the places to go for grad school when he was looking for a place for graduate studies in vertebrate/mammalian ecology.<br /><br />He was a “60s liberal” in those years, but mostly from the sidelines. He was having too much fun doing science to be an activist. While a faculty member at UCLA, he became involved with anti-Vietnam and Earth Day.<br /><br />Funding was relatively easy in those days, and faculty positions were more abundant compared to now. He feels sorry for his students now who are looking for positions.<br /><br /><strong>Development of Ecology</strong><br /><br />There were two general areas at the beginning: Ecosystem ecology with the Odums and evolutionary ecology with Robert Macarthur. Ecology was “split,” but also population and community ecology. There was very little integration of the two, and often there was a lack of appreciation for what the other was trying to do.<br /><br />He discusses making contact with Robert Macarthur. Martin Cody put him in contact with Macarthur. Cody and Jim were contemporaries and close friends. Macarthur influenced him to do more community ecology on desert rodents and less physiological ecology. Ecology suffered from too much of the “either /or” rather than an integrative approach. He appreciated the Odums approach. In the 1980s, ecology seemed to have “lost its rudder.” Jim also was influenced by Robert Whittaker, Joe Connell, and Bob Paine. Paine promoted experimental ecology. He worked on rodents, ants, seeds.<br /><br />Also, Jim was interested in biogeography, island biogeography, and mountain tops in the Southwest, but he became more experimental in his approach. He developed his interest in macroecology, a way to study major patterns and processes affecting biodiversity on a broad geographic scale. It changed his perspective. That approach became “wildly successful.” It was a way of addressing some practical questions, like climate change, ocean fisheries, habitat fragmentation, etc. See his <em>Foundations of Macroecology</em> book; Brown et al. coined the term, but papers had been done previously. It provided a statistical framework that enabled a rigorous form of analysis. He also talks about his work with Dave Tilman.<br /><br />James thinks there is too much focus on small plots and short-term experiments; macroecological approach uses long-term data sets over larger areas.<br /><br /><strong>What have been major challenges in his career?</strong><br /><br />There were challenges in keeping some projects funded; juggling personal and professional life; he was married to a biologist for nearly 50 years; finding tenure-track positions at the same institution; but overall, relatively minor. He feels blessed.<br /><br /><strong>What are major controversies in ecology that he’s been involved with?</strong><br /><br />The role of competition on communities was head-to-head with Dan Simberloff, the “Tallahasee mafia”, which tended to think randomness (colonization and extinction) was more influential than competition. Jim thinks he won the bet they made; Dan acknowledged he lost.<br /><br />Some of Macarthur’s colleagues wrote critical letters to the editor about his ideas on macroecology, metabolic ecology, so Jim anticipated backlash from more conservative colleagues.<br /><br />He names some of his students who have been involved with his development of macroecology, but many have suffered more criticism than he has.<br /><br />Robert Macarthur and Robert Whittaker were his role models.<br /><br /><strong>What effect has his work had on the field at large?<br /><br /></strong>He says he is "not the best person to ask that."<br /><br />Macroecology and metabolic ecology is still “wait and see,” but his approach is to push ahead and see what develops.<br /><br />He gives some examples of research that he abandoned because it didn’t seem to be leading anywhere. For example, some of his scaling research. <br /><br />He introduced the concepts of “rescue effect” and “macroecology,” and now “metabolic ecology,” perhaps. He gives the names of important collaborators. The contributions of grad students and post-docs to his program and science in general have been monumental.<br /><br />He’s concerned about where contemporary ecology is going.<br /><br />“You don’t get where I’ve got without having an ego.” That’s the nature of the game. The ultimate judgement will be made by future generations of ecologists; current generation is invested in their ideas so they are not likely to be the best judges either.<br /><br />He says he has a laid back attitude about it all.<br /><br /><strong>What is he most proud of?</strong><br /><br />Doing pioneering research and working with students and post-docs. In retirement, he doesn’t miss going into the classroom, but he had good teaching evaluations. He does miss interactions with grad students and post-docs, which sustained him. Five of his Ph.D. students work with The Nature Conservancy, and he feels good about that. He doesn’t feel that all graduates should end up in academia. It’s important to work toward “promoting diversity.” He thinks he’s trained more female ecologists than anyone else.<br /><br /><strong>Would he do anything differently if he could repeat his career?</strong><br /><br />He doesn’t look back; his career has developed in a way that he has no complaints. He has come to think that he could have been a kinder, gentler colleague while maintaining rigorous research. There’s no need to be personal in criticizing the science of others, he said. He’s still learning to write and communicate effectively. And he sees his career as one of continuing growth and amazing freedom.<br /><br /><strong>What are your plans for future studies?</strong><br /><br />He plans to have more time to do think he enjoys, and his helping 2 Ph.D. students and one post-doc. He is also on the editorial board of PNAS with 5-10 manuscripts each week. He is doing collaborative work on metabolic ecology, with some international collaborations. And he is on the UNM Human Macroecology Working Group as he has become increasingly concerned about the fate of humankind. Richard Sibley is encouraging him to work on a new book with him. And he is moving to California. <br /><br /><strong>What are pluses and minuses of informatics movement?</strong><br /><br />Very positive in general, but he’s concerned about a decline in natural history. The authors of PNAS submissions often make fundamental mistakes because they don’t understand organisms and ecosystems. <br /><br />He is also concerned about the “huge bandwagon on climate change.” Doing that has eclipsed a number of other severe problems such as human disease, depletion of resources, and overpopulation.<br /><br />Ecology still lacks a well-established theoretical framework for evaluating, and discusses where we are at with human ecology. ESA has been talking about a sustainable biosphere, but ESA has never really shown much of any leadership in “human ecology,” he says. Ecologists should have as big a place at the table as the economists, and we haven’t pushed for that, so we don’t. He’s a fan of Paul Ehrlich, but only recently has he realized that he too should have been doing more. <em>Frontiers</em> is rejecting “politically incorrect” papers on population growth, so they are being published elsewhere.<br /><br /><strong>What is the future of ecology?</strong><br /><br />It needs a unifying theory; evolutionary ecology has its theory. Ecology has never had that. Why is there so little recognition by social scientists that there might be limitations to human societies as well? Maybe if we had a better ecological theory, it would be easier.<br /><br /><strong>Training graduate students</strong><br /><br />There’s no recipe for good science. Help them individually do what they do well; there is no one size fits all. Learn nuts and bolts that are required, the basics. He says he doesn't like the word "training" but rather he helps each one develop their own scientific personality. <br /><br />He thinks of himself as the “most mathematically challenged theoretical ecologist in the world.” And adds, “If I am a theoretical ecologist.”<br /><br /><strong>Anything else?</strong><br /><br />He expresses his distress about the status of science as a whole and that it's possible for someone with no background in the subject to oppose the conclusions of the IPCC.<br /><br /><strong>Development of ESA as a professional organization</strong><br /><br />When he became president, ESA had just decided that it needed a Washington Office to be visible and influential.The move to the office was conducted just before Jim was elected. Within weeks of his term, there was “total disaster” within the Washington Office; he had a lot of help in deciding that a new executive director had to be hired. That was not what he was anticipating, i.e., bringing ecology to the attention of VIPs in Washington. It was not a happy experience and there was little opportunity for intellectual leadership. He was president when Katherine McCarter was hired, who changed how ESA did business. He gives lot of credit for the transition to Jim MacMahon.<br /><br />The single most important committee he served on was the one he chaired that led to the founding of NCEAS. Maybe this was the most important single thing that happened during his career. It hasn’t been continued by NSF, which is a shame. It was a fantastic engine that NSF let die.<br /><br /><strong>Anything more about ESA or other topics?</strong><br /><br />He says he is very concerned about the direction that The Nature Conservancy has taken during the last few years under Tercek’s leadership. Jim was on the New Mexico Board of Trustees of TNC. He recalls that TNC developed from an ESA committee.<br /><br />What in his files should be saved? Data in his filing cabinets? How to archive it? We’re so overwhelmed with data on some important issues, but how and where to archive it.<br /><br />He is worried that his grandkids will be mostly concentrated on staying alive, and won’t have the opportunity to enjoy the life he had, or that anyone will care about what he has done. That's what worries him.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=James+Brown">James Brown</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Eva+Dettweiler-Robinson">Eva Dettweiler-Robinson</a>
2014-09-23
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
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RBRL416ESA-009
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with George Woodwell, May 20, 2015
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
George Woodwell is the founder of the Woods Hole Research Center and was the president of the Ecological Society of America from 1977 to 1978. In this interview, he talks about studying the effects of DDT at the University of Maine and the Brookhaven National Lab on Long Island. He also discusses the ESA’s role in policymaking and the Washington Office.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview notes</h3>
While spending part of his time on a small family farm in Maine, George became interested in the basis of human welfare. He went to Dartmouth, which at the time had a “college naturalist,” Doug Wade. He took an interest in students like him. George majored in “biology and the out of doors.” With Wade, he experienced bogs, peregrine falcons, and other things for the “pure joy of being outdoors.”<br /><br />George joined the Navy after graduating from Dartmouth and describes his experiences mapping the mid-Atlantic ridge on an ocean survey vessel. He felt fortunate to have had that experience. <br /><br /><strong>Development as an ecologist</strong><br /><br />George applied to Duke and Harvard and was accepted to both schools. Duke offered him a “job” where he could study with Oosting and Billings. It was an excellent choice, he said, but he didn’t describe much about his time there.<br /><br /><strong>Milestones in his career</strong><br /><br />After Duke, George joined the faculty at the University of Maine, where he encountered the spruce budworm, which was being controlled with DDT. He did a little research on DDT there. After three years, he went to Brookhaven National Lab on Long Island, and there too they were using DDT to control a mosquito. They found DDT residue in “organisms at every level.” He describes his research on DDT. Other options for mosquito control were available, such as ditching marshes. Eventually, DDT was abandoned there, for good reason, as other methods of mosquito control were possible. It was the beginning of conservation law pertaining to DDT.<br /><br />George went to Brookhaven to set up research on the ecological effects of ionizing radiation, an early study on the effects of this kind of disturbance. He briefly describes some of that work.<br /><br />George came to realize how important the ecological sciences were in the governmental sphere. Human effects on the biosphere became a theme for him and others. They focused on “ecosystem metabolism,” such as carbon fixation, disruptions in the carbon cycle, and the role of forests. That led to his work on the role of humans in affecting climate change. He explains that restored vegetation takes carbon out of the atmosphere.<br /><br />He does not describe his move to MBL, nor his subsequent establishment of the Woods Hole Research Center, nor does he describe his role in establishing NGOs like the Environmental Defense Fund and the Natural Resources Defense Fund.<br /><br /><strong>How has ecology changed over the years?</strong><br /><br />Ecology has expanded enormously into new issues. He describes the research underway at Duke while he was there, including Billings, Mooney, and others, on species and communities, which George came to think of as part of the larger systems. Together the plants and animals built a worldwide system that, regrettably, humans are “driving into impoverishment.”<br /><br />He says, "It's possible to contaminate the entire earth with one bomb.” This led to international appeals to restrict nuclear weapon testing. Atmospheric cycles and redistributions of all kinds of waste into the atmosphere were a new realm for ecology.<br /><br />“Biology and Ecology have a set of rules which are absolutely inviolable in the sense that we can’t build systems that systematically contaminate air, water, and land, and still expect air, water, and land to support the life that evolved with a world of different chemistry. That’s just not going to work, so it’s time to backup, to back off from that, and decide that we have to honor the basic ecology of the earth.”<br /><br />“The concept of the ecosystem has been built into a concept of the biosphere, all within our own time.”<br /><br />Rules are needed to protect Earth, so that Earth “has the potential to support dense populations of people.”<br /><br />"We didn’t even realize how serious those issues of contamination are.”<br /><br />Corporate interests now realize, informally if not outright, that they are diminishing the Earth. He describes examples. The fossil fuel industry is no longer helping human welfare and government regulations are necessary.<br /><br /><strong>Development of ESA Washington Office</strong><br /><br />ESA and ecology changed from being largely taxonomic and descriptive to global, and all that has to do with the long-term welfare of people, clean air, and water, which was a fundamental responsibility of government. Ecologists are now defining what is necessary to sustain the biosphere. Chemical disruption is a serious matter that has to be attended to by the government. There are no challenges to the purpose of government. Corporate or military interests are different, often at odds, and this has changed a lot in his time.<br /><br />“I’m not at all bashful in saying that the responsibilities of ecologists have exploded and that we as ecologists/scientists who don’t accept those responsibilities are delinquent and are certainly not living up to the potential of our time.” ESA began to recognize this in the 1970s.<br /><br />George tried to help give ESA a better administrative focus, which led eventually to the Washington Office.<br /><br />New institutes dedicated to ecology and ecosystems were developed “here and there.” Some succeeded and some, like TIE, failed for various reasons. <br /><br />“We have much to be proud of and much further to go.”
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=George+Woodwell">George Woodwell</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Richard+Houghton">Richard Houghton</a>
2015-05-20
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
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RBRL416ESA-012
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Marjorie Holland, August 10, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+scientists">Women scientists</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aquatic+ecology">Aquatic ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=College+teachers">College teachers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Transgenic+organisms">Transgenic organisms</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
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Marjorie Holland was the Director of the Ecological Society of America’s Public Affairs Office for six years, and is currently a professor in the biology department at the University of Mississippi. In this interview, she discusses her work during her time in the Public Affairs Office as well as other highlights of her career, including her sabbatical with UNESCO’s aquatic ecology program.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview notes</h3>
<br />Holland was born in Boston, Massacuttes. Her father was a high school biology teacher, and he took her on field trips. She went to Connecticut College, where she met Bill Niering, the Ecological Society of America (ESA)’s Bulletin Editor at the time. She became a member of ESA in 1969. She talks about Bill Niering, who she found to be quite inspiring. She describes how Niering used Robert Leo Smith’s textbook. She recounts taking many field trips with Niering. She said she liked botany because the botanists were ecologically oriented at the time. She talks about also being influenced by Richard Goodwin, who was involved with The Nature Conservatory (TNC). <br /><br />Holland taught high school at Mountain School for a few years at a field station in Vermont. She then moved to a public school outside of Boston, where she taught biology for a few years.<br /><br />Holland went to graduate school at Smith College because she liked the idea of becoming a plant ecologist. She studied with John Burke, who is now an emeritus professor at Smith College. She received her Ph.D. from University of Massachusetts in 1977, conducting her research on the Connecticut River. <br /><br /><b>Milestones during her career<br /></b><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">Holland then taught at Amherst College, where she met Yaffa Grossman. </span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">She left Amherst to become involved with a Citizens Advisory Committee group, and she became the only staff member. She became involved with public policy, working on a committee for Boston water supply which she considers her “post-doc” in public policy. The Massacuttes governor decided to not authorize any water diversions from one watershed to another. She discusses that experience, which she greatly enjoyed. She learned how to find information needed for public policy decisions.</span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">In 1980, she decided the Citizens group needed a lawyer, so she looked for another job.</span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">Holland taught in a school in West Chester, New York for six years, after which she had a sabbatical in Paris with UNESCO (aquatic ecology program) for one year. She started a program on ecotones. She worked with Mel Dyer, who had been sent to UNESCO by the U.S. State Department. She describes how a workshop with SCOPE led to meeting Paul Risser and Hal Mooney, who she had not known previously. She then had an international workshop in Hungary.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">In April 1987, she heard about the ESA job, so she applied. Holland started in September 1987. Paul Risser was in Washington frequently, but he was chair of the Public Affairs Committee. <br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">Elliot Norse was the first director of ESA’s Public Affairs Office; Marge was the second.</span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">She recommended a second staff member, which led to hiring Yaffa Grossman. <br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">She conducted a survey of ESA membership.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">She left ESA after six years and moved to Triangle Park, NC, to work with E-Map. Holland soon moved to the University of Mississippi biology department, where she has been for 20 years, teaching wetland ecology, tropical botany and ecology, and aquatic botany while serving as the director of the UM field station. <br /><br /></span><b>Highlights of her time in the Public Affairs Office<br /><br /></b>Early on Holland and Yaffa Grossman hosted a Congressional briefing on the biotechnology report (ecological effects of genetically engineered organisms). Paul Risser wanted to make sure this was well thought out, so he met with Margaret Davis, who was president at the time. Jim Tiedje was the chair of the group that wrote the report. Yaffa Grossman was heavily involved (see her interview). The National Academy of Sciences and prominent journalists called to inquire about the report. News media likes to get the “inside scoop,” and the report was well received.<br /><br /><span>Hal Mooney then suggested that Jane Lubchenco chair a group, which led to the Sustainable Biosphere Initiative. Their report was published in spring of 1991, a year after the 75</span><span>th</span><span> anniversary meeting in Snowbird. The SBI report helped clarify what ecologists are. Ron Pulliam then urged a survey of the membership, to obtain “profiles in ecology” because many people didn’t know what ecologists do.<br /><br /></span>Holland started a pressroom at the annual meeting in Toronto, for the first time. The pressroom was larger at Snowbird.<br /><br />Holland produced a report on what ecologists do, the profiles report, which was funded in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF.)<br /><br />She hosted a workshop in 1993 that led to the minorities program, which led to the SEEDS program and an ESA vice president for education, involving Diana Wall, Sonja Ortega, Alan Berkowitz, and Barbara Bently. The “profiles” report led to the realization that ESA and ecologists were not very diverse.<br /><br /><b>How has ESA changed over the years?<br /><br /></b>Holand describes how hiring an executive director and a large staff in Washington was a very significant development for the ESA. Holland and Grossman were overwhelmed at times with the amount of work to be done or that could be done. <br /><br />Holland says the ESA has diversified. It now includes urban ecology and has new journals.<br /><br />In general, Holland says she had a very positive experience at the ESA. <br /><br />Barbara McCloskey, a Senator from Maryland, was very interested in what ESA was doing. The ESA with Al Gore’s office on biodiversity. Frank Harris, an ecologist, was an NSF employee at the time, and he was also on the Public Affairs Committee.<br /><br />Holland describes how membership sometimes mentioned to Duncan Patten, business manager, that they wondered if ESA should have a Washington Office, but he defended the office. <br /><br />Holland hired Nadine Lynn, and became her replacement. Lynn now works for the NSF. <br /><br />The ESA Washington Office was first in the AIBS building. Then it moved to the FASEB in Bethesda, near Dupont Circle. It is now in a building on M Street.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Marjorie+Holland">Marjorie Holland</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dennis+Knight">Dennis Knight</a>
2015-08-10
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
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RBRL416ESA-015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Simon Levin, August 11, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Applied+ecology">Applied ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=College+teachers">College teachers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Simon Levin was the president of the Ecological Society of America from 1990-1991 and a professor at Princeton University. He has also taught at Cornell University and the University of Maryland. In this interview he talks about the highlights of his career, such as studying patch dynamics with Robert Paine at the University of Washington and his involvement with the ESA’s Ecological Applications journal.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview notes</h3>
<span style="font-weight:400;">Simon grew up in Baltimore and spent his summer outdoors, camping, and thinking about forest fires, but his intellectual strength was in mathematics. He got his Ph.D. in math, but wanted to apply mathematics. He went to Berkeley on an NSF post-doc, and eventually landed at Cornell as an assistant professor with the hope that he would bridge math and biology. He was connected with Lamont Cole and Richard Root. He thought about doing something in the conservation/natural resources program at Cornell, but gravitated toward the ecologists in Ecology and Systematics (David Pimentel, Gene Likens, Paul Feeney, and others). Simon was doing more theoretical ecology then, like Lotka-Volterra theory, than he is now. Within a year he had a joint appointment with ecology and systematics. He felt very fortunate to have been able to work with these ecologists. He did research with several of them. Dick Root was very helpful. </span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">His father was a very practical man, a pharmacist. Math was not enough for Simon. He spent his summer as a counselor, taking kids on canoe trips in Canada. He learned a lot from national parks. He took his wife and kids on camping trips too. He notes clearcut areas in Washington. He read books on environmental issues, such as </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Silent Spring</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;"> by Rachel Carson, and he became interested in environmental problems. </span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">His bachelors degree was in math at Johns Hopkins and his Ph.D. was in math from the University of Maryland. <br /><br /><b>Milestones during his career<br /><br /></b>Simon landed at Cornell as an assistant professor in 1965. His early work was in competitive exclusion. He got tenure at Cornell and did a sabbatical with Robert Paine at the University of Washington. Evening seminars were held with Tommy Edmondson, limnologist, and his group. How did species avoid exclusion? He became interested in spatially structured populations and patch dynamics. Simon did the modeling. Gordon Orians was also there at the time. Simon was at Cornell from 1965 to 1992.<br /><br />Simon has a written biography. One autobiography was published as the preface for Gary Barrett’s book on the history of landscape ecology. <br /><br />A second sabbatical was at the University of British Columbia, at the invitation of Donald Ludwig. There he also worked with Buzz Hollings. <br /><br />Simon moved his appointment from mathematics to the Department of Ecology and Systematics when he returned from his first sabbatical in 1974 after being asked to be the chair. He wanted to surround himself with other ecologists, not mathematicians. Simon organized a meeting in 1975 in Alta, Utah for mathematicians and scientists interested in ecology. Among those attending were George Woodwell, George Innis, Orie Loucks, Jerry Franklin, Dick Levins, Tom Odum, Herb Bormann, and Gene Likens. <br /></span></span><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-weight:400;">At Cornell he became director of an EPA-funded ecosystems research center, working closely with Gene Likens. Simon did it because it was a natural transition for him, applying math to environmental problems. He had a great advisory committee including Schindler. He had to look at a whole new set of issues, which fit his paradigm for success, one he continued for much of his career. This time, the focus was on ecotoxicology. <br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">Later, Simon became involved with Consolidated Edison and water quality issues on the Hudson River. This led to the establishment of the Hudson River Foundation which funds research and is still going today 35 years later. So he was becoming applied, in the sense that he was applying concepts. He became less likely to publish papers in mathematical journals; applied ecology was the audience/the leverage that he wanted. <br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">He next became interested in economics from an ecological perspective, and around the time that he moved to Princeton University in 1992. He thought that, “if we were going to have an impact on the discipline, it would be necessary to work with people who were at the core of the discipline.” [not verbatim] He was invited to become head of applied mathematics at the University of Washington, but turned it down because he thought of himself as an ecologist now.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">Over the years, Simon was involved with two notable organizations: the Santa Fe Institute and the Bayer Institute of Environmental Economics. Leading economists were involved; the purpose was to bring together ecologists and economists, so that they learned to talk to each other. Each year they still get together to write a paper. Simon came to think that about ecological systems as economic systems, and also that you can’t solve environmental problems without considering economics. During the interview he discusses briefly the relevance of evolution to the economics of ecological/biological systems. His paper at the Baltimore meeting was on this topic. <br /><br />His most successful paper was on pattern and scale in 1992, based on his MacArthur Lecture. Bob O’Neil had a big influence on his thinking about hierarchy. Bob would say that ecosystems don’t exist, which got Simon thinking about problems of scale. Whittaker also influenced his thinking.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">Simon always liked to talk with people who saw things differently than he did. Hutchinson’s students were all quite different. Hutchinson basically gave his students free reign to do what they wanted for their dissertations, an approach that Simon has adopted. Simon’s students tend to have a stronger background in applied mathematics. <br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;">His first ecology student was Jim Runkle, who focused on patch dynamics and tree falls, and later Peter Kareiva who he co-advised with Dick Root. Whittaker suggested that Runkle work with Simon and Root suggested that Kareiva work with him because they both wanted to apply mathematics to ecology. In general, now the mathematical background of ecology students is much better. </span><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">One of his students, Allen Hasting, has been heavily involved with ESA. <br /><br /><b>How has ecology changed over the years? <br /></b><br /></span></span> <span style="font-weight:400;">Ecology has become more quantitative, influenced by Bob May, E. C. Pielou, and others, and less insular as it is more multidisciplinary, including policy, economics. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">There is also more focus on landscape issues, scaling up from ecosystems. And t</span><span style="font-weight:400;">here is more focus on climate change and global issues. </span><span style="font-weight:400;">Evolutionary biology is being incorporated more with various aspects of ecology; they are learning to talk to each other.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">Simon thinks recent meetings are much broader than in the past, with many more young people involved now.</span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">Sustainable Biosphere Initiative represented a major shift in 1985 [ERROR: the year was 1990, not 1985 as stated in the interview].</span> <br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">Publication of </span><i><span style="font-weight:400;">Ecological Applications</span></i><span style="font-weight:400;">, for which Simon was the first editor.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">He remembers that Dick Root was worried about ESA moving too much toward societal issues; Simon mentions how TNC split off because some ESA members thought there was too much advocacy.<br /><br /><b>Development of </b><b><i>Ecological Applications</i></b><b> as a journal <br /><br /></b>It was a great experience for him. He invited lots of people to be on the editorial board and he can’t think of anyone who turned him down. ESA provided him with some money for an assistant, and his wife Carol took on the task (she retired from being a teacher). <br /><br />He decided to start off with a series of “high level” special issues. The new journal did well; there was need and there was no problem getting manuscript submissions.<br /><br />ESA membership grew. Snowbird Resort was too small as the society became larger.<br /><br /><b>Development of ESA’s Public Affairs Office<br /><br /></b></span></span></span>Simon worked closely with the public affairs office when Marge Holland was the director. He promoted the Sustainable Biosphere Initiative and talked with Al Gore. It was costly in the beginning, as Duncan Patten told them. But, Simon feels good about the Public Affairs Office.<br /><br /><b>Regrets regarding ESA meetings<br /><br /></b>Simon notes that there are no longer past-president's addresses anymore, which was an opportunity for the leadership to become philosophical. Also, he says the awards ceremony seems to be at unusual times each year.<br /><br /><b>ESA in the future<br /><br /></b>Simon says there are lots of young people stepping forward. He recalls that there was a good turnout at the president’s forum this year, which he was glad to see, as it’s good to find ways for the old guys to be involved with ESA and interacting with young ecologists.<br /><br />There is a trend toward the meetings being dominated by the interface between ecology and society, which is good, he thinks, but he thinks basic research sessions should remain a conspicuous part of the meetings. He thinks that AAAS meetings have become entirely policy oriented; he wouldn’t want ESA meetings to be that way.<span style="font-weight:400;"><br /></span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Simon+Levin">Simon Levin</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dennis+Knight">Dennis Knight</a>
2015-08-11
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
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RBRL416ESA-016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Harold Mooney, August 11, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Plant+ecology">Plant ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Harold Mooney was the president of the Ecological Society of America from 1988-1989 and is a professor at Stanford University. In this interview, he discusses working with Dwight Billings, as well as his involvement with international science and public policy.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview notes</h3>
In high school, Hal was interested in politics. He went to UC-Berkeley with the idea of majoring in political science, but after a year or so he had to drop out of school for financial reasons. He applied for Naval ROTC as a way to pay for college, his color blindness disqualified him. He was interested in a little adventure and in need of earning money, so he managed to get on a Norwegian freighter as a mess boy, to see some of the world. He went around the tip of South America. The job was a lot of work for little pay, “shuffling a lot of dishes around,” but the trip was inspiring. seeing the Andes, and passing through the Panama Canal.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Hal got on another ship, an American ship, and was paid a lot more. After that trip he went back to school at a small college in California, the College of Morin. He had worked at a nursery for a while, was in the Boy Scouts, and did some camping in the Sierras. He read an article in <em>Readers Digest</em> about a plant hunter, which Hal thought would be fun. He took a botany course at College of Morin, which had a section on ecology, and found it compelling. He got into the UC system and noticed that C. H. Muller taught a course on plant ecology at UC-Santa Barbara, so he went there and became involved with botanists and ecologists. He also took field courses, including a summer at the Rocky Mountain Biological Station in Colorado. Harriett Barkley taught the course in Colorado which was a “fantastic course,” and she took a liking to Hal and encouraged him. John Marr was there also, and Hal helped John set up some study areas. Alfred Johnson and Bill Osborne were also well-known ecologists there. Muller was a strong personality and took students to national meetings, so Hal got hooked in a big way at UC-Santa Barbara while still an undergraduate.<br /><br />Hal was drafted during the Korean War. The Army saw that Hal had a chemistry course for biological warfare, but he didn’t pass security for that kind of work, so he went to advanced infantry training. He was ready to ship out from Pittsburgh, but his father became ill and he was given a deferment which he spent at the Presidio. Later he went to Germany, and then finished his degree at UC-Santa Barbara. <br /><br /></span></span><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">With Muller, he learned about allelopathy and alternative explanations. Muller debunked the “chemical theory” initially, but he turned to supporting allelopathy by the time Hal returned after the Army.<br /><br /></span></span>George Sprugel at NSF was promoting graduate student education in ecology. They became acquainted and George encouraged Hal to go to Duke to work with Billings, and Hal did. He became interested in mountain ecology.<br /><br /><strong>Early interests in plan physiological ecology<br /><br /></strong>That happened while working with Billings, who started taking physiological measurements in the field. Paul Kramer told Billings about using gas analyzers in the field. Hal worked on a project “in the mountains,” even though Hal didn’t have much motivation to pursue physiological ecology at that time. He felt Billings and his students were involved with pioneering work. Courses from Kramer and Aubrey Naylor were very good. “Kramer was inspirational.”<strong><br /></strong><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;"><br />Billings taught a summer course at the University of Wyoming Science Camp in the Medicine Bow Mountains, and Hal went along and did his thesis there. Larry Bliss had just finished before Hal came. Hal studied carbohydrates in alpine plants for his M.S., and then for his Ph.D., he worked with alpine seeds collected from New Mexico to Alaska. He drove his personal car (a Studebaker) from the Rockies in the south up to the Alaskan tundra, traveling on the Alaskan Highway. His dissertation was on carbohydrates in plants collected along this latitudinal gradient.<br /><br /></span></span>John Kennedy was inspiring at the time. Hal was ready to get away from segregated North Carolina as soon as possible, but there were great students at Duke with whom he interacted.<br /><br />Duke and Wisconsin were the only two places to go for plant ecology at the time.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">There were no postdocs in those days, but he was offered a job at UCLA. At that time you didn’t go for interviews. It was “an interesting period.” From UCLA he was close to desert research sites and he did a lot of field work. Early students included Boyd Strain. While at UCLA he did reciprocal transplant experiments at different elevations, and continued to do physiology in the field. <br /><br /></span></span>For his first sabbatical, he decided to look back at what Alexander von Humboldt had written about on convergent evolution and this led to comparing chaparral plants in California and Chile. By about that time, the International Biological Program started and Hal became involved. Frank Blair, an evolutionary biologist, was the director of the US program and organized a meeting in Venezuela. Hal was asked to go and the group decided to incorporate convergent evolution into IBP, which was focusing mostly on productivity of the biosphere. Hal mentions international colleagues with whom he worked during this time. They did a lot of research comparing the north and south, and that got him involved in international science. These people became lifelong friends and colleagues. The International Program for Invasive Species grew from that group. Hal helped with programs in Chili, South Africa, the Mediterranean, and elsewhere. <br /><br />Other international relationships were spinoffs of this. The Cold War was underway, but scientists from opposing nations seemed above that and continued to work together. The Nuclear Winter issue developed, with scientists from both sides working and communicating on the topic. The group was dedicated to free exchange of science and Hal felt the “power of international science was extraordinary.” He is still attracted to that. Later, after being selected for the National Academy of Science, he promoted the opportunities/power of working on science internationally.<br /><br /><strong>Involvement in ESA and international science<br /><br /></strong>Hal became a member early on and enjoyed going to meetings. He worked with the Western Section, and later he was elected president. At that time there was a big schism between those who wanted to be involved with political (environmental) issues and those who wanted to focus more on pure science. Hal talks about some of the attitudes of the early presidents, including “climate determinism.” That was controversial. For a while he felt that ESA wasn’t doing much when he became more involved, with too little involvement with environmental issues. <br /><br />Hal had been fortunate to interact with Bill Robertson of the Mellon Foundation, who Hal thinks is one of the most influential ecologists in the United States. Hal met him while Bill was a staff officer at the National Academy of Sciences. Bill wanted to foster the development of the ecological sciences and he was a “talent scout” for Mellon. He’d go to meetings, looking for extraordinary ecologists. Bill would ask, “What would you like to do?” <br /><br />Hal told Bill Robertson about ESA's need of a strategic plan and asked if the Mellon Foundation would fund it, and they did. Jane Lubchenco was elected vice president while Hal was president, and Hal asked her to chair the committee that ultimately led to the Sustainable Biosphere Initiative report. The first draft was rather extreme, so the second draft was more balanced, identifying new science that should be pursued. This led to a more strategic ESA, Hal thinks. The reaction of the ESA membership seemed positive, as it occurred about the same time as the Washington Office was being established. “The climate was changing” for such things. Hal felt it was fortunate that Jane was the vice president at that time.<br /><br />Since then, Hal has attended all the meetings. He became more and more involved with international programs, like the IGBP, and later the Global Change Program. Through time, climate became more of a compelling issue. He mentions the Convention on Biological Diversity. Hal talks about this program and others, including SCOPE, the Climate Convention, and others, and who was involved, from Sweden and elsewhere. Ecosystem functioning and biodiversity was another theme adopted by SCOPE. A Global Biodiversity Assessment report was produced. There was talk about whether biodiversity was a matter of science or values. <br /><br />During the interview Hal talks more about the Climate Assessment Program, the IPPC, and the International Program on Biodiversity Science and Ecosystem Service. He mentions the role of the French government and summarizes several years of the development of these initiatives. Some governments pay their scientists to be involved and others do not. <br /><br />“The best scientists in the world coming together to solve world problems.” That’s been a big motivation for him. <br /><br />But he wouldn’t say that he should have gone into political science. International science is important, and he gains satisfaction in seeing what people can do together.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Harold+Mooney">Harold Mooney</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Stuart+Chapin+III">Stuart Chapin III</a>
2015-08-11
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL416ESA-017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Katherine McCarter, August 13, 2015
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+scientists">Women scientists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Katherine McCarter has been the Executive Director of the Ecological Society of America (ESA) since 1997. In this interview, she explains how she became the Executive Director and what she has done during her time at ESA. McCarter describes the Centennial Meeting of 2015, Barack Obama’s video introduction for the organization, and the ESA’s Public Affairs Office.<br /><br />
<h3>Interview notes</h3>
Katherine grew up outside of New York City and didn't take any courses in ecology. She got her B.S. in biology and did graduate work in Environmental Health at Johns Hopkins. She started as a biology teacher and then became involved with the American Lung Association through the executive training program. Katherine did environmental health work for the health department in Maryland and was hired as the first director of public relations for the American Public Health Association. She was promoted there several times and eventually became Deputy Executive Director. After 20 years, she decided to look elsewhere for a leadership role.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">She then applied for the ESA position. She initally turned ESA down, but was persuaded by Jim MacMahon to reconsider six months later. “I cannot tell you how happy I’ve been at ESA.” She came to “love the financial side” as well as the programmatic side of the job.</span></span><br /><br style="font-weight:400;" />She started her job four days before the annual meeting. She noticed ther was very little talk about “what should we do about it” after ecological problems were described during talks. This was unlike the APHA approach. Now ESA is different. And she liked working with ESA members.<br /><br /><strong>First impressions of ESA</strong><br /><br style="font-weight:400;" />Katherine notes that the financial problems of the organization were severe. The cash flow was not good, as income was after the expenditures, and reserve funds had been spent. She presented her plan for ESA which included “paying ourselves back.” She was able to cut some expenses and soon the reserve fund was being built back up. <br /><br />She looked for new sources of revenue and how expenses could be cut. The annual meeting soon became a revenue source. Exhibitors were integrated with the poster sessions and they paid for their space. More exhibitors were invited. The by-laws were changed for better budget control.<br /><br />ESA has moved two times since she became the Executive Director; they were in rented space from the Optical Society of America when she started, but then they wanted their space back.<br /><br />Katherine explains that staff was not trimmed to make ends meet. She then describes the moves of the office that were made.<br /><br /><strong>Milestones during her time thus far</strong><br /><br />As described, developing a better budgeting process and putting money into the reserve fund.<br /><br />ESA finances “were even strong when we were in the hole.” New publications and additional pages were added to journals, new grants were obtained, the Education Program was started, and the membership has grown. The annual meeting has been a good source of revenue.<br /><br />But the world of journal publication was changing to online, open-access, and free. Libraries were also cutting journals, which squeezed ESA and other professional societies. Libraries were moving to multi-year contracts with providers, which hurt professional organizations. <br /><br />In 2014, it was clear that ESA would soon be operating in the red, and that led to the contract with Wiley, a large publishing house, Katherine explains. Now ESA knows what it is going to make from its journals and can plan accordingly. She discusses the need for this change and why it’s good for ESA. ESA anticipates that ESA journals will be in more places; also ESA’s online access to journals will be much better thanks to Wiley. They have a vision for what the articles of the future will be like, which the Governing Board liked. She describes the process that led to the shift to Wiley. <br /><br style="font-weight:400;" />Katherine talks about closing the Ithaca Office (yet to come); staff will have to be let go, which will be very hard. Plans are in place to ease the transition, but she’s not looking forward to it. <br /><br style="font-weight:400;" /><strong>Highlights of her time as Executive Director</strong><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:400;">Katherine talks about expanding the education program thanks to the Mellon Foundation. Mellon was commited to archiving journals and the development of JSTOR. Bill Robertson called and offered that some of the Mellon funds could be spent on other work, like education, and then public affairs. The SEEDS program started. </span> <br /><br style="font-weight:400;" />She also disucusses the new journal <em>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment</em><span style="font-weight:400;">, which people had been talking about for a while. She urged the GB to decide on the kind of journal they wanted and then Katherine would go find the funding. “Free to dream.” She developed a plan and budget. They needed to get $3 million for the journal, which Mellon supplied half of, and others contributed. Sue Silver was hired and she produced “exactly what we wanted.” Some members didn’t approve initially, but it helped grow the membership. Though, it still doesn’t quite yet break even. Some agencies will pay for special issues, and the goal is for it to break even. Libraries still have to pay for <em>Frontiers</em>, though it’s free to ESA members. It is now online, but also in paper.<br /><br />She discusses similar problems in the early years of <em>Ecosphere</em>. And speaks of the growth of the</span><span style="font-weight:400;"> interdisciplinary nature of ESA with new sections.</span> <br /><br style="font-weight:400;" />Katherine also notes the enhanced diversity in ESA through the SEEDS program. She t<span style="font-weight:400;">alks about how initially ESA received some of the Mellon Funds through the Cary Institute. Katherine asked Bill Robertson about this and he decided to give the funds directly to ESA. There is now something like 700 students who have benefited from SEEDS. Women are about 50 percent, but racial/ethnic diversity in ESA is still not where Katherine would like it to be. <br /><br /><strong>The Centennial Meeting</strong><br /></span><br style="font-weight:400;" />There was lots of enthusiasm for the Centennial, but where would the funds come from? Alan Covich committee came up with lots of good ideas. They developed a pool of $100,000. Complimented the various groups that helped, including the Historical Records Committee and Past Presidents 2015 Committee, which consisted of all past presidents, chaired by Jean Langenheim. <br /><br style="font-weight:400;" />She describes the centennial videos and problems involved at the Plenary session, including President Obama’s welcome. Both videos will be uploaded to ESA’s website. Jane Lubchenco arranged for the president’s video; ESA and Sharon Kingsland provided some information. Even the White House staff member involved was stunned that the President would do the video, but she had to keep it a secret, except for telling ESA president David Inouye. But afterward ESA could put the video on the website. “Beyond our expectations.” And it happened because “ESA had friends in the Office of Science and Technology.”<br /><br /><strong>Public Affairs Office</strong><br /><br />She describes how it’s working at the present time, how it’s staffed, including students at times, and how ESA is now part of various coalitions, including the Biological-Ecological Sciences Coalition, established by ESA and AIBS. They participate in lobbying day annually and now the office does much more with the media. Katherine says that she would like a press release from each issue of the journals. Now there’s more with Facebook, Tweeting, etc., which is what the journalists and ESA members want more of. The PAO also links journalists and Washington staff with experts. <br /><br />Now the membership wants to become more involved with policy, more so than when she first started. <br /><br />She feels “really privileged” to be involved with ESA. She thinks her board is “the best board on Earth.” She thought her time with ESA would be five years, but now she’s been with ESA for about 18. She thought ESA would want an ecologist as Executive Director. “There’s always something that is exciting and new.” <span style="font-weight:400;">She describes a little of her guiding tips for new staff. </span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Katherine+McCarter">Katherine McCarter</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dennis+Knight">Dennis Knight</a>
2015-08-13
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL416ESA-018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Jerry Franklin, December 7, 2018
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Forest+ecology">Forest ecology</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Jerry F. Franklin has a bachelor’s and master’s of science in forest management along with a PhD in botany, which he received from Washington State. Franklin has worked in many organizations, including the United State's International Biological Program (IBP), the Andrews Forest Experiment, the National Science Foundation, Washington State University, and as the president of the Ecological Society of America. In this interview, Franklin talks about his research at Washington, the National Science Foundation’s long-term ecological studies, his work in the Ecological Society of America, and his predictions about the future of ecological work.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jerry+Franklin">Jerry Franklin</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Eva+Stricker">Eva Stricker</a>
2018-12-07
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL416ESA-026
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States">United States</a>
Interview with Haskell Ward, March 22, 2017
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Segregation">Segregation</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Public+housing">Public housing</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=State+governments--Officials+and+employees">State governments--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civil+rights">Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Judges--United+States">Judges--United States</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Civil+rights">United States--Civil rights</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+politicians">African American politicians</a>
Born in 1940, Haskell Ward grew up in the segregated Griffin, Georgia. Throughout his childhood, Ward was encouraged by peers and friends to attain an education. Ward has held a multitude of positions throughout his life including working as Peace Corps volunteer, Africa Advisor to the Secretary of State, and judge in Griffin. In this interview, Ward talks about his work in Africa and the United States, his experience during the Civil Rights Movement, and his reflections on the state of Griffin.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Haskell+Ward">Haskell Ward</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jewel+Walker-Harps">Jewel Walker-Harps</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Be-Atrice+Cunningham">Be-Atrice Cunningham</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=John+Cruickshank">John Cruickshank</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ellen+Bauske">Ellen Bauske</a>
2017-03-22
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL418GAA-010
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Griffin%2C+Georgia">Griffin, Georgia</a>
Interview with Harry Fulton, November 29, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Pesticides">Pesticides</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Harry Fulton was born in Winston County, Mississippi. He grew up on his family’s farm, and he attended Mississippi State University where he earned both a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in entomology. Fulton worked as a district inspector for the State Planning Board before serving as State Apiary Inspector and the Pesticide Division Director. He then became the State Entomologist for the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce. In this interview, he talks about his career and the role of the government in regulating pesticides.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Harry+Fulton">Harry Fulton</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Brian+Williams">Brian Williams</a>
2016-11-29
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL420MA-002
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mississippi">Mississippi</a>
Interview with Genether Spurlock, September 22, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+women">African American women</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+organization">Community organization</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race+relations">Race relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+teachers">African American teachers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+politicians">African American politicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+teachers">Women teachers</a>
Genether Spurlock was born in 1951 in Enid, Mississippi. She grew up chopping cotton before attending college and becoming a teacher. She served as the mayor of Tutwiler and works as the Education Coordinator at the Tutwiler Community Education Center. In this interview, she describes sharecropping, race relations, and her experience in public office.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Genether+Spurlock">Genether Spurlock</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Brian+Williams">Brian Williams</a>
2016-09-22
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL420MA-009
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mississippi">Mississippi</a>
Interview with Eddie Carthan, October 3, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+American+politicians">African American politicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Local+government">Local government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discrimination">Discrimination</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Pesticides">Pesticides</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=African+Americans--History">African Americans--History</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Eddie Carthan was born in 1949 and was raised by his grandparents on their family farm in Mississippi. He attended college and became a businessman and then a farmer. Carthan was the first Black Mayor of Tchula, Mississippi before becoming the County Supervisor of Holmes County. In this interview, he talks about his experience growing up and his fight to keep his farm when faced with the discrimination of banks and the Farm Home Administration (FHA) against black farmers.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Eddie+Carthan">Eddie Carthan</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Brian+Williams">Brian Williams</a>
2016-10-03
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mississippi">Mississippi</a>
Interview with Carlton Layne, October 29, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States--Officials+and+employees">United States--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Pesticides">Pesticides</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+health">Environmental health</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Southern+States--Politics+and+government">Southern States--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race+relations">Race relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race">Race</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Carlton Layne grew up in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He received an education at Clarion State University, leading him to work for the U.S Department of Agriculture and eventually the Environmental Protection Agency. In this interview, Layne talks about his career and experiences as an EPA inspector. Layne addresses topics including the EPA regulation process, EPA pesticide investigations, politics in government, and EPA state plans for U.S southern states.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Carlton+Layne">Carlton Layne</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Brian+Williams">Brian Williams</a>
2016-10-29
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mississippi">Mississippi</a>
Interview with Frank Mitchener, August 15, 2016
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Pesticides">Pesticides</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race+relations">Race relations</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Environmental+policy">Environmental policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Frank Mitchener was born in 1933 in Sumner, Mississippi. He attended Davidson College before serving in the army for two years. Mitchener was a farmer and agricultural leader in the Delta. He served as the president of the Delta Council and the National Cotton Council. In this interview, he talks about advocating for the deregulation of the cotton industry and the impact of pesticides on agriculture.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Frank+MItchener">Frank MItchener</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Brian+Williams">Brian Williams</a>
2016-08-15
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mississippi">Mississippi</a>
Interview with Brenda Lopez Romero, August 25, 2020
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinas">Latinas</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latino+politicians">Latino politicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women--Political+activity">Women--Political activity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=State+governments--Officials+and+employees">State governments--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinos">Latinos</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discrimination">Discrimination</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Emigration+and+immigration--Government+policy">Emigration and immigration--Government policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lawyers">Lawyers</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
Brenda Lopez Romero was born in Cuernavaca, Mexico, and immigrated to Georgia with her parents while she was a young child. As a first generation scholar, Romero recounts her experiences dealing with racism within public schools, university, and the professional sphere. After completing law school, Romero opened her law firm and ran for the Georgia Assembly, becoming the first Latina in the Georgia legislature. In this interview, Romero shares how the political landscape of Georgia has changed over her lifetime and the need for Latino representation. <br /><br />This interview was recorded remotely.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Brenda+Lopez+Romero">Brenda Lopez Romero</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iliana+Yamileth+Rodriguez">Iliana Yamileth Rodriguez</a>
2020-08-25
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL487LGOH-001
Interview with Sam Zamarripa, November 24, 2020
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latino+politicians">Latino politicians</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=State+governments--Officials+and+employees">State governments--Officials and employees</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinos">Latinos</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Georgia--Politics+and+government">Georgia--Politics and government</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Business+and+politics">Business and politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Discrimination">Discrimination</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Public+policy">Public policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race+relations">Race relations</a>
Sam Zamarripa was born in Fort Benning to a Mexican immigrant and an American national. As his father was in the military, Zamarripa’s family moved often, but he considers himself a Southerner. In this interview, Zamarripa discusses his responsibility to his community and how he became the first Latino in the Georgia state legislature, including the obstacles he overcame to do so. Zamarripa describes the influence that his father’s family had on his life, notably in the discovery of his identity, and how being a Latino in the South has affected his work. <br /><br />This interview was recorded remotely.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sam+Zamarripa">Sam Zamarripa</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Iliana+Yamileth+Rodriguez">Iliana Yamileth Rodriguez</a>
2020-11-24
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
audio
oral histories
sound
RBRL487LGOH-002
Interview with Isabel Gonzalez Whitaker, May 24, 2022
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinos">Latinos</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latinas">Latinas</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Journalism">Journalism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+organization">Community organization</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Cultural+diversity">Cultural diversity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gentrification">Gentrification</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latino+businesspeople">Latino businesspeople</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Online+journalism">Online journalism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Community+activists">Community activists</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Parks--Georgia">Parks--Georgia</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Press+and+politics">Press and politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics+and+Public+Policy">Politics and Public Policy</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Race+identity">Race identity</a>
Isabel Gonzalez Whitaker was born in Chapel Hill, North Carolina to Cuban refugees before they settled in Atlanta. Throughout her career, Whitaker has worked various jobs in journalism, with one of her earliest positions being booker and producer of the show <i>Space Ghost Coast to Coast</i>. In this interview, Whitaker talks about her experience as a Latína in the South, the influence of her mother on her life, and how she has come into activism in her later career.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Isabel+Gonzalez+Whitaker">Isabel Gonzalez Whitaker</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ashton+Ellett">Ashton Ellett</a>
2022-05-24
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
video
oral histories
moving image
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